Trichoderma reesei XYR1 activates cellulase gene expression via interaction with the Mediator subunit TrGAL11 to recruit RNA polymerase II

Zheng, Fanglin; Cao, Yanli; Yang, Renfei; Wang, Lei; Lv, Xinxing; Zhang, Weixin; Meng, Xiangfeng; Liu, Weifeng

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008979

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…DEGs related to DNA metabolism were found, like DNA topoisomerase IV alpha subunit, and DNase I protein. In particular, 14 DEGs are specifically involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II that is responsible for the transcription of cellulase production [ 67 ]. On the other hand, three tRNA were downregulated, including tRNA-Arg, tRNA-Glu and tRNA-Lys, while threonyl/alanyl tRNA synthetase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2c were upregulated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dose rapamycin exerts a temporary impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 through gene trFKBP12

Pang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Knowledge with respect to regulatory systems for cellulase production is prerequisite for exploitation of such regulatory networks to increase cellulase production, improve fermentation efficiency and reduce the relevant production cost. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is considered as a central signaling hub coordinating eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism with environmental inputs. However, how and to what extent the TOR signaling pathway and rapamycin are involved in cellulase production remain elusive. Result At the early fermentation stage, high-dose rapamycin (100 μM) caused a temporary inhibition effect on cellulase production, cell growth and sporulation of Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 independently of the carbon sources, and specifically caused a tentative morphology defect in RUT-C30 grown on cellulose. On the contrary, the lipid content of T. reesei RUT-C30 was not affected by rapamycin. Accordingly, the transcriptional levels of genes involved in the cellulase production were downregulated notably with the addition of rapamycin. Although the mRNA levels of the putative rapamycin receptor trFKBP12 was upregulated significantly by rapamycin, gene trTOR (the downstream effector of the rapamycin–FKBP12 complex) and genes associated with the TOR signaling pathways were not changed markedly. With the deletion of gene trFKBP12, there is no impact of rapamycin on cellulase production, indicating that trFKBP12 mediates the observed temporary inhibition effect of rapamycin. Conclusion Our study shows for the first time that only high-concentration rapamycin induced a transient impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 at its early cultivation stage, demonstrating T. reesei RUT-C30 is highly resistant to rapamycin, probably due to that trTOR and its related signaling pathways were not that sensitive to rapamycin. This temporary influence of rapamycin was facilitated by gene trFKBP12. These findings add to our knowledge on the roles of rapamycin and the TOR signaling pathways play in T. reesei.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-dose rapamycin exerts a temporary impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 through gene trFKBP12

Pang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…In addition to these genes, transcription factors also play an irreplaceable role in this process. Recent studies in T. reesei found Xyr1 in functions as the central regulator of cellulases to control the expression of CAZyme genes by interacting with TrGAL11 [33]. However, the expression of xyr1 was negatively regulated by the CCR proteins Cre1 and Ace1 [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GlSwi6 Positively Regulates Cellulase and Xylanase Activities through Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling in Ganoderma lucidum

Lian

Shi

Zhu

et al. 2022

JoF

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Ganoderma lucidum is a white-rot fungus that produces a range of lignocellulolytic enzymes to decompose lignin and cellulose. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been implicated in xylanases and cellulases production. As the downstream transcription factor of Slt2-MAPK, the function of Swi6 in G. lucidum has not been fully studied. In this study, the transcription factor GlSwi6 in G. lucidum was characterized and shown to significantly positively regulate cellulases and xylanases production. Knockdown of the GlSwi6 gene decreased the activities of cellulases and xylanases by approximately 31%~38% and 54%~60% compared with those of the wild-type (WT) strain, respectively. Besides, GlSwi6 can be alternatively spliced into two isoforms, GlSwi6A and GlSwi6B, and overexpression of GlSwi6B increased the activities of cellulase and xylanase by approximately 50% and 60%, respectively. Further study indicates that the existence of GlSwi6B significantly increased the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+. Our study indicated that GlSwi6 promotes the activities of cellulase and xylanase by regulating the Ca2+ signaling. These results connected the GlSwi6 and Ca2+ signaling in the regulation of cellulose degradation, and provide an insight for further improvement of cellulase or xylanase activities in G. lucidum as well as other fungi.

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“…Regardless of this, given the multiple protein interaction sites on CYC8/TUP1 and its significant potential of being incorporated in different complexes [ 15 – 19 ], it is reasonable to anticipate that the way by which CYC8/TUP1 achieves its repression may also apply to its activation. Our previous results demonstrate that XYR1 directly interacts with SWI/SNF and the Mediator tail subunit to facilitate the recruitment of the general transcription machinery including RNA Pol II to successfully initiate the transcription of these cellulase genes [ 49 , 50 ]. One possibility is thus that, upon recruited by XYR1, the TrCYC8/TUP1 complex cooperates with XYR1 to achieve the efficient recruitment of the above components allowing the rapid and high-level cellulase gene activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction was stopped by addition of 50 μl of 10% Na 2 CO 3 solution. One unit (U) of p NPCase or p NPGase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme releasing 1 μmol of p NP per minute [ 49 ]. SDS-PAGE and western blotting were performed according to standard protocols and CEL7A (CBH1) was immunoblotted using a polyclonal antibody raised against amino acids 426–446 of the protein, as previously described [ 55 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interdependent recruitment of CYC8/TUP1 and the transcriptional activator XYR1 at target promoters is required for induced cellulase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei

et al. 2021

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Cellulase production in filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is highly responsive to various environmental cues involving multiple positive and negative regulators. XYR1 (Xylanase regulator 1) has been identified as the key transcriptional activator of cellulase gene expression in T. reesei. However, the precise mechanism by which XYR1 achieves transcriptional activation of cellulase genes is still not fully understood. Here, we identified the TrCYC8/TUP1 complex as a novel coactivator for XYR1 in T. reesei. CYC8/TUP1 is the first identified transcriptional corepressor complex mediating repression of diverse genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Knockdown of Trcyc8 or Trtup1 resulted in markedly impaired cellulase gene expression in T. reesei. We found that TrCYC8/TUP1 was recruited to cellulase gene promoters upon cellulose induction and this recruitment is dependent on XYR1. We further observed that repressed Trtup1 or Trcyc8 expression caused a strong defect in XYR1 occupancy and loss of histone H4 at cellulase gene promoters. The defects in XYR1 binding and transcriptional activation of target genes in Trtup1 or Trcyc8 repressed cells could not be overcome by XYR1 overexpression. Our results reveal a novel coactivator function for TrCYC8/TUP1 at the level of activator binding, and suggest a mechanism in which interdependent recruitment of XYR1 and TrCYC8/TUP1 to cellulase gene promoters represents an important regulatory circuit in ensuring the induced cellulase gene expression. These findings thus contribute to unveiling the intricate regulatory mechanism underlying XYR1-mediated cellulase gene activation and also provide an important clue that will help further improve cellulase production by T. reesei.

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Trichoderma reesei XYR1 activates cellulase gene expression via interaction with the Mediator subunit TrGAL11 to recruit RNA polymerase II

Cited by 23 publications

References 61 publications

High-dose rapamycin exerts a temporary impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 through gene trFKBP12

High-dose rapamycin exerts a temporary impact on T. reesei RUT-C30 through gene trFKBP12

GlSwi6 Positively Regulates Cellulase and Xylanase Activities through Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling in Ganoderma lucidum

Interdependent recruitment of CYC8/TUP1 and the transcriptional activator XYR1 at target promoters is required for induced cellulase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei

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