Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases—A Review

Guzmán-Guzmán, Paulina; Kumar, Ajay; Santos-Villalobos, Sergio de los; Parra-Cota, Fannie Isela; Orozco-Mosqueda, Ma. del Carmen; Fadiji, Ayomide Emmanuel; Hyder, Sajjad; Babalola, Olubukola Oluranti; Santoyo, Gustavo

doi:10.3390/plants12030432

Cited by 118 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 231 publications

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“…As a promising mycocide, T. asperellum is recommended for both classical and organic farming to manage various plant pathogenic fungi and other pathogens/pests infecting economically important crops (Guzmán-Guzmán et al, 2023). The latter authors extensively reviewed mechanisms involved as beneficial attributes in its biocontrol potential via various Among ten isolates of Trichoderma spp., T. asperellum TaspHu1 was the fastest-growing one on PDA medium with the best adaptation to stress tolerance tests and could suppress the growth of eight plant pathogens via parasitism and competition (Yu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few Trichoderma species are not only well-known mycoparasites but they can also antagonize other pests and pathogens such as plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and insects offering them as quite versatile BCAs (Guzmán-Guzmán et al, 2023). Trichoderma is currently utilized as part of novel bioformulations in agricultural production (Rocha et al, 2019;Mawar et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichoderma is currently utilized as part of novel bioformulations in agricultural production (Rocha et al, 2019;Mawar et al, 2021). Of special interest, T. asperellum is cosmopolitan species with robust mycoparasitic capability of various plant pathogenic fungi using multiple and effective biocontrol mechanisms against other pests as well (Guzmán-Guzmán et al, 2023). Moreover, T. asperellum may be applied either singly or combined with other pests/pathogens-control tactics and strategies such as biosolarization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil bio-solarization and Trichoderma asperellum suppress black root rot disease and increase strawberry yield

Abd-El-Kareem¹,

Saied²,

Elshahawy³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Trichoderma asperellum applied as pellets, disks, or spore suspension against the causal agents of strawberry-black root rot disease represented by three fungal species was tested. The pellets/disks could significantly reduce the growth area of the pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro. Solarization via mulching soil with transparent polyethylene sheets could affect these pathogens. It reduced the counts of the fungi buried in cloth bags at 1–10 cm of soil surface by 70, 65, and 65% for R. solani, F. solani, and M. phaseolina, respectively relative to unmulched soil. Yet, the more depths of bags in soil, the less the mulching affects the three pathogens. In two field experiments, the disease incidence and severity were more reduced when T. asperellum pellets/suspension was integrated with bio-solarization (mulching soon after bio-fumigation with Al-Abour Compost®)) than any single treatment. The highest reductions obtained by T. asperellum pellets combined with bio-solarization averaged 75 and 73.8%, respectively. Bio-solarization with Actamyl affected the disease incidence/severity to a lesser extent. All tested treatments significantly boosted yield of strawberry plants. Strawberry yield and activities of the pathogenesis-related proteins peroxidase and chitinase showed favorable responses almost parallel to the extent of reduction in the disease incidence and severity caused by all treatments. The highest yield increase achieved via combining T. asperellum pellets with bio-solarization was 160.8%. Our results support hypothetical biocontrol potential that T. asperellum and bio-solarization together with adequate phytosanitary measures can reliably control strawberry-black root rot disease and enhance strawberry yield.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil bio-solarization and Trichoderma asperellum suppress black root rot disease and increase strawberry yield

Abd-El-Kareem¹,

Saied²,

Elshahawy³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The mixture of PGPB or their antifungal metabolites with other beneficial fungi, such as Trichoderma spp., can also be an excellent option to prevent host attachment, inhibit conidia germination, and avoid hyphae dispersion or their growth in flowers and fruits [ 132 ]. Some commercial bioinoculant products are available to control the infection before the establishment of the pathogen through foliar application in the field, such as Serenade (Agra Quest, Davis, CA, USA), which contains the Ba.…”

Section: Biocontrol Strategies To Prevent Botrytis Cinerea ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroecological Management of the Grey Mould Fungus Botrytis cinerea by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria

Orozco-Mosqueda

Kumar

Fadiji

et al. 2023

Plants

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Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of grey mould and one of the most important plant pathogens in the world because of the damage it causes to fruits and vegetables. Although the application of botrycides is one of the most common plant protection strategies used in the world, the application of plant-beneficial bacteria might replace botrycides facilitating agroecological production practices. Based on this, we reviewed the different stages of B. cinerea infection in plants and the biocontrol mechanisms exerted by plant-beneficial bacteria, including the well-known plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Some PGPB mechanisms to control grey mould disease include antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, ethylene modulation, and the induction of plant defence mechanisms. In addition, recent studies on the action of anti-Botrytis compounds produced by PGPB and how they damage the conidial and mycelial structures of the pathogen are reviewed. Likewise, the advantages of individual inoculations of PGPB versus those that require the joint action of antagonist agents (microbial consortia) are discussed. Finally, it should be emphasised that PGPB are an excellent option to prevent grey mould in different crops and their use should be expanded for environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

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“…It is the most studied and marketed endophyte fungi, since it has been used as a potent biocontrol agent and plant growth promoter [ 12 , 13 ]. Its remarkable biological activity has demonstrated effectiveness against other fungi and plant pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, using antagonistic actions based on antibiosis, competition, and mycoparasitism [ 14 , 15 ]. Furthermore, the species of the Trichoderma genus can induce systemic resistance (ISR) in plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Trichoderma spp. Extracts with Antifungal Activity against Cocoa Pathogens

et al. 2023

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Ecuador is one of the major cocoa producers worldwide, but its productivity has lately been affected by diseases. Endophytic biocontrol agents have been used to minimize pathogenic effects; however, compounds produced by endophytes are minimally understood. This work presents the chemical characterization of the Trichoderma species extracts that proved inhibition against cocoa pathogens. Solid–liquid extraction was performed as a partitioning method using medium with the fungal mycelia of Trichoderma reesei (C2A), Trichoderma sp. (C3A), Trichoderma harzianum (C4A), and Trichoderma spirale (C10) in ethyl acetate individually. The extract of T. spirale (C10) exhibited the growth inhibition (32.97–47.02%) of Moniliophthora perniciosa at 10 µg/mL, while a slight stimulation of Moniliophthora roreri was shown by the extracts of T. reesei (C2A) and T. harzianum (C4A) at higher concentrations. The inhibitory activity could be related to alkaloids, lactones, quinones, flavonoids, triterpenes, and sterols, as indicated by chemical screening and antifungal compounds, such as widdrol, β-caryophyllene, tyrosol, butyl isobutyrate, sorbic acid, palmitic acid, palmitelaidic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, which were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the extracts, particularly T. spirale (C10), have the potential as biocontrol agents against witches’ broom disease; however, further studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness.

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Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases—A Review

Cited by 118 publications

References 231 publications

Soil bio-solarization and Trichoderma asperellum suppress black root rot disease and increase strawberry yield

Soil bio-solarization and Trichoderma asperellum suppress black root rot disease and increase strawberry yield

Agroecological Management of the Grey Mould Fungus Botrytis cinerea by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria

Chemical Characterization of Trichoderma spp. Extracts with Antifungal Activity against Cocoa Pathogens

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