Trichomonas conjunctivitis

D'Auria, Anthony

doi:10.1016/s0196-4399(84)80039-2

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Concomitant infection with Staphylococcus aureus was present, and trichomonads were observed only in a Papanicolaou-stained smear examined microscopically; hence, differentiation between T. vaginalis and other trichomonads was not achieved. However, the genital tract of the mother was suggested as the source of infection (8). Nevertheless, in another study, conjunctival trichomonads could not be demonstrated in 272 newborns despite evidence of trichomonads in 3.7% of the pregnant mothers (9).…”

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confidence: 94%

Bilateral Conjunctivitis Due to Trichomonas vaginalis without Genital Infection: an Unusual Presentation in an Adult Man

Abdolrasouli

Croucher

Roushan³

et al. 2013

J Clin Microbiol

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eWe report an unusual case of extragenital infection with Trichomonas vaginalis of the conjunctiva of a 32-year-old man. Only one other similar case has been reported in the English language literature. The present report reinforces the widening pathologic spectrum of trichomonads in humans, especially in the context of emerging extragenital infections. CASE REPORTA 32-year-old Iranian man presented to a private infectious disease clinic with a 2-week history of inflamed conjunctivae and a yellowish, purulent discharge emanating from both eyes. He was previously prescribed topical 1% chloramphenicol ointment by another clinician a week after the onset of his symptoms with no obvious improvement. On physical examination, he appeared well and his vision was normal. A diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis was made, and the patient was started on oral flucloxacillin at 250 mg every 6 h to cover the staphylococcal infection often associated with conjunctivitis and topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin and 0.5% chloramphenicol eye drops.Before starting treatment, multiple conjunctival swabs were collected from the lower conjunctiva with flexible, fine, plasticshafted Dacron swabs premoistened with sterile saline for microbiological investigation, including bacterial and viral cultures and microscopy in accordance with routine practice. For bacterial culture, swabs were directly inoculated into Columbia blood agar, chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar, where only scanty normal skin flora was isolated after 48 h of incubation and later identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Viral cultures for adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, and enteroviruses were all negative. Results of direct immunofluorescence microscopy and culture for Chlamydia trachomatis were negative.Interestingly, microscopic examination of a Gram-stained smear revealed moderate numbers of nondescript cell-like structures that were indistinguishable mixed with numerous white blood cells, predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In an attempt to identify the cell-like structures seen on the Gramstained smear, a second Giemsa-stained smear was examined on the same day. On the basis of the morphological features of the cells, namely, an amoeboid shape, the presence of one or two elliptically shaped nuclei, and a poorly defined cytoplasm, a provisional identification of trichomonad parasites was made. Two original separate eye swabs (left and right) were retrieved roughly 5 h postcollection and immediately inoculated into Kupferberg Trichomonas culture medium (QUELAB) for further analysis. This medium was supplemented with heat-inactivated bovine serum, penicillin G (10,000 U/ml), streptomycin (10,000 g/ml), and amphotericin B (25 g/ml). Cultures were incubated at 37°C in the presence of 5 to 7% CO 2 and examined microscopically on days 2, 5, and 7. Subsequently, two cultures became positive for mobile trophozoites of trichomonads.At this stage, considering the isolation of the trichomonads from both eyes, the patient was recalled to the clinic. When he arri...

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confidence: 94%

Bilateral Conjunctivitis Due to Trichomonas vaginalis without Genital Infection: an Unusual Presentation in an Adult Man

Abdolrasouli

Croucher

Roushan³

et al. 2013

J Clin Microbiol

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“…The mode of T. vaginalis transmission to neonates has never been firmly established, but direct contact with the maternal genitourinary tract seems the most plausible explanation. T. vaginalis has been isolated from the urinary tract [ 131 , 132 ] as well as from the eyes [ 133 ], pharynx, and lower respiratory tract of newborns [ 29 , 134 ]. In most cases, only mild symptoms (vaginitis; respiratory problems) were observed and were cured with metronidazole.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nosocomial Infections: Do Not Forget the Parasites!

Fürnkranz

Walochnik

2021

Pathogens

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Nosocomial infections (NIs) pose an increasing threat to public health. The majority of NIs are bacterial, fungal, and viral infections; however, parasites also play a considerable role in NIs, particularly in our increasingly complex healthcare environment with a growing proportion of immunocompromised patients. Moreover, parasitic infections acquired via blood transfusion or organ transplantation are more likely to have severe or fatal disease outcomes compared with the normal route of infection. Many of these infections are preventable and most are treatable, but as the awareness for parasitic NIs is low, diagnosis and treatment are often delayed, resulting not only in higher health care costs but, importantly, also in prolonged courses of disease for the patients. For this article, we searched online databases and printed literature to give an overview of the causative agents of parasitic NIs, including the possible routes of infection and the diseases caused. Our review covers a broad spectrum of cases, ranging from widely known parasitic Nis, like blood transfusion malaria or water-borne cryptosporidiosis, to less well-known Nis, such as the transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis by solid organ transplantation or nosocomial myiasis. In addition, emerging NIs, such as babesiosis by blood transfusion or person-to-person transmitted scabies, are described.

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Aberrant and accidental trichomonad flagellate infections: rare or underdiagnosed?

Yao

Ketzis

2018

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The clinical significance and frequency of human infections with trichomonad flagellates in aberrant locations (locations other than the predilection sites) and accidental infections (infections with non-human trichomonads) are unclear. The total number of case reports in the literature is low, with the identification of the infection largely the outcome of investigations for the cause of clinical signs. At least seven species have been identified in either aberrant or accidental infections, with these infections occurring worldwide. Results of prospective and retrospective surveys of adults with respiratory disease suggest that aberrant and accidental trichomonad infections are less rare than the number of case reports suggest, with Trichomonas tenax being the most frequent. Surveys of neonates and infants suggest that aberrant Trichomonas vaginalis infections can be higher and more serious than suggested by the few case reports. The density and location of infection might be as important, if not more so, than species in determining pathogenicity. Molecular diagnostic methods including DNA sequencing can be used to better diagnose infections and enable identification to assist in determining the clinical significance of different species. Raising awareness of these infections among clinicians and adding them to their differential lists are strongly suggested.

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Trichomonas conjunctivitis

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Bilateral Conjunctivitis Due to Trichomonas vaginalis without Genital Infection: an Unusual Presentation in an Adult Man

Bilateral Conjunctivitis Due to Trichomonas vaginalis without Genital Infection: an Unusual Presentation in an Adult Man

Nosocomial Infections: Do Not Forget the Parasites!

Aberrant and accidental trichomonad flagellate infections: rare or underdiagnosed?

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