Trichomoniasis in Cooper's Hawks From Arizona

Boal, Client W.; Mannan, R. William; Hudelson, K. Stormy

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-34.3.590

Cited by 88 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Trichomoniasis is the most important parasitic disease of raptors, and has been reported worldwide in these birds (Boal et al 1998, Deem 1999, Real et al 2000. According to Fowler (2001), the trichomoniasis is more frequent in strigiforms than in falconiforms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies revealed marked differences in pathogenicity and virulence among different strains of T. gallinae from pigeons and birds of prey (Sansano-Maestre et al 2009). The bird may have difficulty swallowing and, in severe infections, may be emaciated because of its inability to eat (Boal et al 1998, Deem 1999. Nevertheless, affected birds may have good physical condition, and after the appropriate treatment, lesions disappear (Real et al 2000, Jones 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health of an ex situ population of raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in Mexico: diagnosis of internal parasites

Santos¹,

Oliveira²,

Vaughan³

et al. 2010

RBT

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Successful programs for ex situ and in situ conservation and management of raptors require detailed knowledge about their pathogens. The purpose of this study was to identify the internal parasites of some captive raptors in Mexico, as well as to verify their impact in the health status of infected birds. Birds of prey were confiscated and kept in captivity at the Centro de Investigación y Conservación de Vida Silvestre (CIVS) in Los Reyes La Paz, Mexico State. For this, fecal and blood samples from 74 birds of prey (66 Falconiformes and eight Strigiformes) of 15 species, juveniles and adults from both sexes (39 males and 35 female), were examined for the presence of gastrointestinal and blood parasites. Besides, the oropharyngeal cavity was macroscopically examined for the presence of lesions compatible with trichomoniasis. Among our results we found that lesions compatible with Trichomonas gallinae infection were detected only in two Red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) (2.7%); nevertheless, infected birds were in good physical condition. Overall, gastrointestinal parasites were found in 10 (13.5%) raptors: nine falconiforms (13.6%) and one strigiform (12.5%), which mainly presented a single type of gastrointestinal parasite (90%). Eimeria spp. was detected in Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), Swainson's hawk (Buteo swainsoni), Red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis) and Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus); whereas trematodes eggs were found in Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and Swainson's hawk (B. swainsoni). Furthermore, eggs of Capillaria spp. were found in one Swainson's hawk (B. swainsoni), which was also infected by trematodes. Hemoprotozoarian were detected in five (6.7%) falconiforms: Haemoproteus spp. in American kestrel (F. sparverius) and Leucocytozoon spp. in Red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicencis). Despite this, no clinical signs referable to gastrointestinal or blood parasite infection were observed in any birds. All parasites identified were recorded for the first time in raptors from Mexico. Furthermore, this represents the first report for T. gallinae, trematodes, Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. in raptors from Latin America. Diagnosis and control of parasitic infections should be a part of the routine in health care evaluations for ex situ raptor populations. Finally, this information is also valuable for in situ conservation actions on these birds. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1265-1274. Epub 2011 September 01.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health of an ex situ population of raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in Mexico: diagnosis of internal parasites

Santos¹,

Oliveira²,

Vaughan³

et al. 2010

RBT

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“…In 2007 and 2008, the Maritime Provinces of Canada identified multiple trichomonosis outbreaks involving purple finches (Carpodacus purpureus) and American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis) (Forzán et al, 2010). Raptor species that prey on infected birds are also susceptible to trichomonosis, and significant mortality due to T. gallinae infections in Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii) and Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata) nestlings have been reported (Boal et al, 1998;Real et al, 2000). Decline of the sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) population in Great Britain may be linked to trichomonosis acquired from passerine species, which make up a large proportion of their diet (Chi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-pathogen etiology of avian trichomonosis in a declining band-tailed pigeon population

Girard

Rogers

Woods

et al. 2014

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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b s t r a c tThe Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata monilis) is a migratory game bird of North America that is at risk for population decline. Epidemics of avian trichomonosis caused by upper digestive tract infection with Trichomonas spp. protozoa in these and other doves and pigeons of the United States are sporadic, but can involve tens of thousands of birds in a single event. Herein, we analyze the role of trichomonosis in band-tailed pigeon mortality and relate spatial, temporal and demographic patterns of parasite transmission to the genetic background of the infecting organism. Infections were most common in adult birds and prevalence was high in band-tailed pigeons sampled at mortality events (96%) and rehabilitation centers (36%) compared to those that were hunter-killed (11%) or live-caught (4%). During non-epidemic periods, animals were primarily infected with T. gallinae Fe-hydrogenase subtype A2, and were less often infected with either T. gallinae subtype A1 (the British finch epidemic strain), T. stableri n. sp. (a T. vaginalis-like species), or Tritrichomonas blagburni n. sp.-like organisms. Birds sampled during multiple epidemics in California were only infected with T. gallinae subtype A2 and T. stableri. The non-clonal etiology of avian trichomonosis outbreaks in band-tailed pigeons and the risk of spill-over to raptor and passerine species highlights the need for additional studies that clarify the host range and evolutionary relationships between strains of Trichomonas spp. in regions of trichomonosis endemicity.

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“…Therefore, previously infected pigeons and doves may serve as inapparent carriers of virulent strains of T. gallinae and are potential sources of infection for naive birds (Stabler, 1954). Pigeons and doves also may serve as a source of infection for raptors, in which the disease can have focal population impacts (Boal et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Necropsy Findings and Arbovirus Surveillance in Mourning Doves from the Southeastern United States

Gerhold¹,

Tate²,

Gibbs³

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Trichomoniasis in Cooper's Hawks From Arizona

Cited by 88 publications

References 7 publications

Health of an ex situ population of raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in Mexico: diagnosis of internal parasites

Health of an ex situ population of raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in Mexico: diagnosis of internal parasites

Dual-pathogen etiology of avian trichomonosis in a declining band-tailed pigeon population

Necropsy Findings and Arbovirus Surveillance in Mourning Doves from the Southeastern United States

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