Trichostatin A increases embryo and green plant regeneration in wheat

Abstract

Chemical agents such as trichostatin A (TSA) can assist in optimization of doubled haploidy for rapid improvements in wheat germplasm and addressing recalcitrance issues in cell culture responses. In wheat, plant regeneration through microspore culture is an integral part of doubled haploid (DH) production. However, low response to tissue culture and genotype specificity are two major constraints in the broad deployment of this breeding tool. Recently, the structure of chromatin was shown to be linked with cell transitions during tissue culture. Specifically, repression of genes that are required for cell morphogenesis, through acetylation of histones, may play an important role in this process. Reduction of histone acetylation by chemical inhibition may increase tissue culture efficiency. Here, the role of trichostatin A (TSA) in inducing microspore-derived embryos was investigated in wheat. The optimal dose of TSA was determined for wheat cultivars and subsequently validated in F hybrids. A significant increase in the efficiency of DH production was observed in both cultivated varieties and F hybrids. Thus, the inclusion of TSA in DH protocols for wheat breeding programs is advocated.

Epigenetic Regulation of Auxin-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants

“…Consistently, an increase in the H3K9/K14Ac and H4K5Ac epigenetic markers was reported in the TSA-treated seedlings of Arabidopsis [176,177]. In support of a role of histone acetylation in controlling SE induction, TSA treatment promoted the development of embryogenic structures on the seedlings and in vitro-cultured explants of Arabidopsis and conifers [22,23,178,179] and the beneficial effects of TSA on microspore cultures of T. aestivum [180] and B. napus [181] were reported. Nonetheless, details of the TSA-promoted regulatory interactions that provoke an embryogenic response in somatic plant cells has not yet been clarified.…”

Microspore embryogenesis: targeting the determinant factors of stress-induced cell reprogramming for crop improvement

“…Histone H3 and H4 acetylation is mainly associated with actively transcribed genes and promotes the open chromatin states (Onder et al, 2012). The application of histone deacetylase inhibitors -like trichostatin A or SAHA, which lead to increased levels of histone acetylation-produce an increase in the rate of microspore embryogenesis induction (Zhang et al 2016;(Jiang et al, 2017;Li et al, 2014a;Pandey et al, 2017) Berenguer et al, in preparation), demonstrating that histone acetylation plays a crucial role in promoting microspore reprogramming and totipotency.…”

Live Imaging of embryogenic structures in Brassica napus microspore embryo cultures highlights the developmental plasticity of induced totipotent cells

“…In B. napus , application of the histone/lysine deacetylase (HDAC/KDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) enhances the production of differentiated embryos and embryogenic callus when applied alone or together with heat stress (Li et al 2014 ). The morphological similarities in developmental response between heat-stressed and heat stress plus TSA-treated cultures (HS + TSA), together with the observation that TSA treatment enhances embryo production in ME culture systems induced by different stresses (Zhang et al 2016 ; Pandey et al 2017 ; Jiang et al 2017 ), suggest that increased histone/protein acetylation is a conserved component of totipotency induction in the male gametophyte.…”