Triclocarban affects earthworms during long-term exposure: Behavior, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity assessments

Sales, Sidney Fernandes; Vallerie, Quentin; Araújo, Gabriel de Farias; Soares, Lorena Oliveira Souza; Silva, Evelyn Oliveira da; Correia, Fábio Veríssimo; Saggioro, Enrico Mendes

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115570

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, a significant concentration-dependent decrease was observed at the higher exposure concentrations of 250 µg/L (p ≤ 0.01), and 500-1000 µg/L (p ≤ 0.001) (Figure 2B). These findings demonstrate that increasing TFV concentrations can result in intracellular ROS saturation, leading to oxidative stress and antioxidant system suppression [62]. The decrease in CAT activity can also be caused by excessive H 2 O 2 production [63].…”

Section: Glutathione S-transferase Activitymentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of Two Antiretroviral Drugs on the Crustacean Daphnia magna in River Water

Mahaye

Musee

2022

Toxics

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Antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs are used to manage the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and are increasingly being detected in the aquatic environment. However, little is known about their effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Here, Daphnia magna neonates were exposed to Efavirenz (EFV) and Tenofovir (TFV) ARVs at 62.5–1000 µg/L for 48 h in river water. The endpoints assessed were mortality, immobilization, and biochemical biomarkers (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA)). No mortality was observed over 48 h. Concentration- and time-dependent immobilization was observed for both ARVs only at 250–1000 µg/L after 48 h, with significant immobilization observed for EFV compared to TFV. Results for biochemical responses demonstrated that both ARVs induced significant changes in CAT and GST activities, and MDA levels, with effects higher for EFV compared to TFV. Biochemical responses were indicative of oxidative stress alterations. Hence, both ARVs could potentially be toxic to D. magna.

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Section: Glutathione S-transferase Activitymentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of Two Antiretroviral Drugs on the Crustacean Daphnia magna in River Water

Mahaye

Musee

2022

Toxics

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“…Oxidative damage is a vital mechanism for environmental pollutants to cause toxic reactivity in earthworms . The antioxidant system ensures organisms to maintain normal cellular function and protects them from such oxidative damage .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiomer-Specific Study of Fenpropathrin in Soil-Earthworm Microcosms: Enantioselective Bioactivity, Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Zhang

Yang

Shi

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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In this study, the enantiomer-specific bioactivity, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of fenpropathrin (FEN) enantiomers were investigated in soil-earthworm microcosms. The bioactivity order was S-FEN > rac-FEN > R-FEN for Spodoptera litura and Conogethes punctiferalis. Moreover, S-FEN was 12.0 and 32.2 times more toxic than rac-FEN and R-FEN to earthworms, respectively. S-FEN degraded faster than R-FEN with the enrichment of R-FEN in the soil environment. Furthermore, the peak-shaped accumulation curves for FEN enantiomers were observed, and R-FEN was preferentially bioaccumulated by earthworms. As compared to R-FEN, S-FEN induced greater changes in the activities of detoxification enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde content, which suggested that earthworms exhibited enantioselective defense responses to S-FEN and R-FEN. Integrated biomarker response results indicated that S-FEN exhibited higher toxic effects on earthworms than R-FEN. Finally, molecular simulation revealed that the greater interaction forces between S-FEN and sodium channel protein could be the primary reason for the enantioselective bioactivity and toxicity of FEN enantiomers. This study comprehensively highlights the enantiomer-specific bioactivity, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and mechanism of FEN in soil-earthworm microcosms at the enantiomer level. Our findings will contribute to a better risk assessment of FEN in the soil ecosystem.

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“…Junior et al (2020) [ 100 ] carried out studies on TCC toxicity assessments in Eisenia andrei earthworms through acute, avoidance and chronic tests following cytotoxicity, antioxidant system, i.e., catalase (CAT), glutathione- S -transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and DNA damage (comet assay) evaluations. Chronic exposure to TCC led to reduced CAT and GST activities, decreased GSH levels and increased LPO in exposed organisms.…”

Section: Ecotoxicity Of Triclocarbanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Different Facets of Triclocarban: A Review

et al. 2021

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In the late 1930s and early 1940s, it was discovered that the substitution on aromatic rings of hydrogen atoms with chlorine yielded a novel chemistry of antimicrobials. However, within a few years, many of these compounds and formulations showed adverse effects, including human toxicity, ecotoxicity, and unwanted environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, quickly leading to regulatory bans and phase-outs. Among these, the triclocarban, a polychlorinated aromatic antimicrobial agent, was employed as a major ingredient of toys, clothing, food packaging materials, food industry floors, medical supplies, and especially of personal care products, such as soaps, toothpaste, and shampoo. Triclocarban has been widely used for over 50 years, but only recently some concerns were raised about its endocrine disruptive properties. In September 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned its use in over-the-counter hand and body washes because of its toxicity. The withdrawal of triclocarban has prompted the efforts to search for new antimicrobial compounds and several analogues of triclocarban have also been studied. In this review, an examination of different facets of triclocarban and its analogues will be analyzed.

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Triclocarban affects earthworms during long-term exposure: Behavior, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity assessments

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of Two Antiretroviral Drugs on the Crustacean Daphnia magna in River Water

Effects of Two Antiretroviral Drugs on the Crustacean Daphnia magna in River Water

Enantiomer-Specific Study of Fenpropathrin in Soil-Earthworm Microcosms: Enantioselective Bioactivity, Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

The Different Facets of Triclocarban: A Review

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