Triclosan determination in water related to wastewater treatment

Wu, Jing; Lam, Ng Pak; Martens, D.; Kettrup, A.; Cai, Zongwei

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2007.03.024

Cited by 90 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Most authors often carry out offline purification of sludge and/or sediment extracts using silica (Agüera et al, 2003), HLB (Lozano et al, 2010), florisil (Wu et al, 2007) or other commercially available solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. In our case, we have preferred saving time and reducing sample manipulation by introducing these sorbents inside the PLE extraction cells, a technique known as in-cell clean-up that yields recoveries similar to those obtained by conventional offline SPE (Buth et al, 2010).…”

Section: Ple Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings

2014

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h i g h l i g h t sSimultaneous extraction of TCS and MTCS by SBSE-LD and PLE-in-cell-clean up. Analysis of estuarine sediment and water samples and from photodegradation assays. Distribution of analytes in estuaries depends on wastewater sources and tides. TCS can be both photodegraded or converted to MTCS in estuaries. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tWe have developed a method for the analysis of two sewage-derived contaminants: triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, and methyl triclosan (MTCS), a TCS metabolite. For solid samples (4 g), extraction and cleanup were integrated into the same step using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with in-cellclean-up (1 g of florisil). The extraction was performed using dichloromethane at 100°C, 1500 psi and 3 static extraction cycles of 5 min each. For water samples (100 mL), stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption (SBSE-LD) was used. Bars were stirred for 10 h and analytes were later desorbed using acetonitrile. Finally, MTCS and a silylated derivative of TCS were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recovery experiments in water and sediments were performed and the results ranged from 67% to 78%. Limits of detection (LODs) were 5 ng L À1 for TCS and 1 ng L À1 for MTCS, in water samples, and 0.1 ng g À1 for TCS and MTCS in solid samples. The method was applied then to determine the levels of these compounds in the estuary of Guadalete River (SW Spain). TCS and MTCS concentrations up to 9.6 ng g À1 in sediments and 310 ng L À1 in water were measured. Their distribution was strongly influenced by the presence of wastewater sources, treated and untreated, along the sampling area, where maximum concentrations were detected. Highest values were reached in the water column during low tides as the water volume in the estuary becomes lower.

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Section: Ple Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings

2014

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“…TCS concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 6870 pg l -1 and from \1 to 95 pg l -1 have been detected in the dissolved phase and suspended particulate matters, respectively, of seawater samples from the German Bight (Xie et al 2008). TCS has also been detected at concentrations ranging from 15 to 110 ng l -1 in seawater from Tai Po and Victoria Harbors in Hong Kong (Wu et al 2007). TCS occurrence in effluents, biosolids and surface waters has recently been investigated in Australia (Kookana et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Immunotoxic effects of triclosan in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

2011

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The effects of Triclosan (TCS) on the immune parameters of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated after a 7-day exposure to sublethal TCS concentrations (300, 600, and 900 ng l(-1)). Hemocytes from controls and exposed clams were collected, and the effects of TCS on total hemocyte count (THC), hemocyte diameter and volume, uptake of the vital dye Neutral Red (an indicator of pinocytosis), lysozyme activity, and proliferation were evaluated. The cytotoxicity, which was evaluated using the lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the capability of TCS to induce DNA fragmentation, which indicated apoptosis, were also investigated. The exposure of clams to all tested TCS concentrations significantly decreased THC, whereas the highest tested TCS concentration significantly reduced the diameter and volume of hemocytes. TCS negatively affected pinocytosis and the proliferation of hemocytes, but it did not alter hemocyte lysozyme activity. TCS exerted cytotoxic effects and induced DNA fragmentation in hemocytes of R. philippinarum. Overall, these results suggest a relationship between TCS exposure and changes in the measured immune parameters and indicate immunosuppression in TCS-treated clams.

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“…Musks AHTN (Tonalide®) and HHCB (Galaxolide®) were detected at levels up to 28 ng/L for HHCB (Sumner et al 2010). Triclosan was detected at concentrations up to 99.3 ng/L in Victoria Harbor waters (China) (Wu et al 2007). Concerning UV filters, most studies were conducted along the coasts, as recreational activities are the main source of contamination.…”

Section: Occurrence In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of PPCPs in the marine environment: a review

Arpin-Pont

Bueno

Góméz

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

219

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Little research has been conducted on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the marine environment despite being increasingly impacted by these contaminants. This article reviews data on the occurrence of PPCPs in seawater, sediment, and organisms in the marine environment. Data pertaining to 196 pharmaceuticals and 37 personal care products reported from more than 50 marine sites are analyzed while taking sampling strategies and analytical methods into account. Particular attention is focused on the most frequently detected substances at highest concentrations. A snapshot of the most impacted marine sites is provided by comparing the highest concentrations reported for quantified substances. The present review reveals that: (i) PPCPs are widespread in seawater, particularly at sites impacted by anthropogenic activities, and (ii) the most frequently investigated and detected molecules in seawater and sediments are antibiotics, such as erythromycin. Moreover, this review points out other PPCPs of concern, such as ultraviolet filters, and underlines the scarcity of data on those substances despite recent evidence on their occurrence in marine organisms. The exposure of marine organisms in regard to these insufficient data is discussed.

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Triclosan determination in water related to wastewater treatment

Cited by 90 publications

References 14 publications

Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings

Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings

Immunotoxic effects of triclosan in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Occurrence of PPCPs in the marine environment: a review

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