TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Prolactin: The multifaceted potentiator of mammary growth and function1,2

Trott, Josephine F.; Schennink, A.; Petrie, Whitney K.; Manjarín, Rodrigo; VanKlompenberg, Monica K.; Hovey, Russell C.

doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4682

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…As it is named, PRL exerts multiple effects that include development (mammogenesis) and stimulation of mammary gland growth, synthesis of milk (lactogenesis), and maintain the secretion of milk (galactopoiesis) on the mammary gland (38). Moreover, PRL affects reproduction of the mammalian species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin Variants in Human Pituitaries and Pituitary Adenomas Identified With Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Qian

Yang

et al. 2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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Human prolactin (hPRL) plays multiple roles in growth, metabolism, development, reproduction, and immunoregulation, which is an important protein synthesized in a pituitary. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) is an effective method in identity of protein variants for in-depth insight into functions of that protein. 2DE, 2DE-based PRL-immunoblot, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics were used to analyze hPRL variants in human normal (control; n = 8) pituitaries and in five subtypes of pituitary adenomas [NF− (n = 3)-, FSH+ (n = 3)-, LH+ (n = 3)-, FSH+/LH+ (n = 3)-, and PRL+ (n = 3)-adenomas]. Six hPRL variants were identified with different isoelectric point (pI)-relative molecular mass (Mr) distribution on a 2DE pattern, including variants V1 (pI 6.1; 26.0 kDa), V2 (pI 6.3; 26.4 kDa), V3 (pI 6.3; 27.9 kDa), V4 (pI 6.5; 26.1 kDa), V5 (pI 6.8; 25.9 kDa), and V6 (pI 6.7; 25.9 kDa). Compared to controls, except for variants V2-V6 in PRL-adenomas, V2 in FSH+-adenomas, and V3 in NF−-adenomas, the other PRL variants were significantly downregulated in each subtype of pituitary adenomas. Moreover, the pattern of those six PRL variants was significantly different among five subtypes of pituitary adenomas relative to control pituitaries. Different hPRL variants might be involved in different types of PRL receptor-signaling pathways in a given condition. Those findings clearly revealed the existence of six hPRL variants in human pituitaries, and the pattern changes of six hPRL variants among different subtypes of pituitary adenomas, which provide novel clues to further study the functions, and mechanisms of action, of hPRL in human pituitary and in PRL-related diseases, and the potential clinical value in pituitary adenomas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin Variants in Human Pituitaries and Pituitary Adenomas Identified With Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Qian

Yang

et al. 2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…In pregnancy, the mammary glands of normal mice develop further, with alveolar buds developing into lobuloalveoli, a process with an absolute requirement for PRL signalling [15]. In addition, there is a clear and unequivocal requirement for high levels of pituitary PRL for maintenance of lactation (reviewed in [18]). …”

Section: Adult Mammary Development and Maintenance Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of the Prolactin (PRL) Axis: Mechanisms Underlying Regulation of Output in Female Mice

Tissier

Hodson

Martin

et al. 2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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The output of prolactin (PRL) is highly dynamic with dramatic changes in its secretion from the anterior pituitary gland depending on prevailing physiological status. In adult female mice, there are three distinct phases of output and each of these is related to the functions of PRL at specific stages of reproduction. Recent studies of the changes in the regulation of PRL during its period of maximum output, lactation, have shown alterations at both the level of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. The PRL-secreting cells of the anterior pituitary are organised into a homotypic network in virgin animals, facilitating coordinated bouts of activity between interconnected PRL cells. During lactation, coordinated activity increases due to the changes in structural connectivity, and this drives large elevations in PRL secretion. Surprisingly, these changes in connectivity are maintained after weaning, despite reversion of PRL output to that of virgin animals, and result in an augmented output of hormone during a second lactation. At the level of the hypothalamus, tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons, the major inhibitors of PRL secretion, have unexpectedly been shown to remain responsive to PRL during lactation. However, there is an uncoupling between TIDA neuron firing and dopamine secretion, with a potential switch to enkephalin release. Such a process may reinforce hormone secretion through dual disinhibition and stimulation of PRL cell activity. Thus, integration of signalling along the hypothalamo-pituitary axis is responsible for increased secretory output of PRL cells during lactation, as well as allowing the system to anticipate future demands.

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“…During these processes, PRL plays an important role (Tortt et al, 2012). PRL is one of the most important hormones essential for maintaining lactation, and when combined with PRLR, triggers the JAK2/STAT5 signal pathway and eventually activates the transacting factors STAT5 signal into the cell, affects the expression of milk protein gene promoter, and activates or enhances the genes regulated by the protein gene promoter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-135a Targets and Regulates Prolactin Receptor Gene in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells

Dong

Wang

et al. 2015

DNA and Cell Biology

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Mammary gland development and lactation are typical traits controlled by multiple genes, hormones, and regulatory factors. Prolactin receptor (PRLR), a specific receptor of prolactin, has been reported to have important physiological functions in regulating mammogenesis and lactogenesis. However, the post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms of PRLR expression have not yet been shown in detail. In this study, the expression of miR-135a and PRLR at different development stages of Laoshan dairy goat mammary gland tissues was investigated. After overexpression and silencing expression of miR-135a in cultured primary mammary epithelial cells, the regulatory relationship between miR-135a and PRLR was examined through dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the expression of PRLR at both mRNA and protein levels was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Collectively, our results suggested that PRLR is a direct target gene of miR-135a, miR-135a is a novel regulator of PRLR, and it might play an essential role in the regulation of animal mammary gland development and lactation.

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TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Prolactin: The multifaceted potentiator of mammary growth and function1,2

Cited by 46 publications

References 140 publications

Prolactin Variants in Human Pituitaries and Pituitary Adenomas Identified With Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Prolactin Variants in Human Pituitaries and Pituitary Adenomas Identified With Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Plasticity of the Prolactin (PRL) Axis: Mechanisms Underlying Regulation of Output in Female Mice

miR-135a Targets and Regulates Prolactin Receptor Gene in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells

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