Trigeneration in food retail: An energetic, economic and environmental evaluation for a supermarket application

Sugiartha, Nyoman; Tassou, S.A.; Chaer, Issa; Marriott, D. L.

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.11.018

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Other approaches could include on-site combined heat and power generation (CHP) or combined heating power and refrigeration (tri-generation) [34,35].…”

Section: Demand Side Management and System Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy consumption and conservation in food retailing

Tassou¹,

Ge²,

Hadawey³

et al. 2011

Applied Thermal Engineering

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111

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The total annual CO 2 emissions associated with the energy consumption of the major retail food outlets in the UK amount to around 4.0 MtCO 2 . The energy consumption and emissions from supermarkets varies widely and can depend on many factors such as the type and size of the store, business and merchandising practices and refrigeration and environmental control systems used.This paper provides energy consumption data of a sample of 2570 retail food stores from a number of major retail food chains in the UK. The sample covers all major store categories from convenience stores to hypermarkets and includes approximately 30% of the total number of stores in the UK having a net sales area more than 280 m 2 . The data show a wide variability of energy intensity even within stores of the same retail chain. A power law can be used to describe the variation of the average electrical energy intensity of the stores in the sample with sales area. If the electrical intensity of the stores above the average is reduced to the average by energy conservation measures, annual energy savings of the order of 10% or 840 GWh can be achieved representing 355,000 tonnes annual reduction in CO 2 emissions. The paper also discusses the major energy consuming processes in retail food stores and identifies opportunities for energy savings.

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“…Other approaches could include on-site combined heat and power generation (CHP) or combined heating power and refrigeration (tri-generation) [34,35].…”

Section: Demand Side Management and System Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy consumption and conservation in food retailing

Tassou¹,

Ge²,

Hadawey³

et al. 2011

Applied Thermal Engineering

Self Cite

205

111

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“…The facility managers consulted in this work confirmed that HT and LT refrigeration are common terms used within the industry. There are also examples of this terminology being used in the academic literature [21][22][23][24] .…”

Section: Case Study Buildings and Simulation Inputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for refrigeration heat exchange in energy performance simulations of large food retail buildings

Parker

Glew

Fletcher

et al. 2016

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Heat exchange between chilled food storage and conditioned spaces in large food retail stores is not currently required as part of design stage regulatory compliance energy performance models. Existing work has identified that this exchange has a significant impact on store energy demand and subsequently leads to unrealistic assessment of building performance. Research presented in this paper uses whole building dynamic thermal simulation models that are calibrated against real store performance data, quantifying the impact of the refrigeration driven heat exchange. Proxy refrigerated units are used to simulate the impact of these units for the sales floor areas. A methodology is presented that allows these models to be simplified with the aim of calculating a realistic process heat exchange for refrigeration and including this in thermal simulation models; a protocol for the measurement of chilled sales areas and their inclusion in the building models is also proposed. It is intended that this modelling approach and the calculated process heat exchange inputs can be used to improve the dynamic thermal simulation of large food retail stores, reduce gaps between predicted and actual performance and provide more representative inputs for design stage and regulatory compliance energy calculations. Practical applicationThe modelling methodology and research findings presented in the paper are of practical use for building energy modelling engineers using dynamic simulation models to design and/or evaluate the energy performance of large food retail stores. The methodology can be used in the design of new facilities or the evaluation of large scale retrofit projects. It is also of practical interest to energy and facility managers within large food retail organisations as it will aid their understanding of applied energy performance models. Key wordsHeat exchange, refrigeration, supermarkets, food retail, thermal modelling Introduction Large food retail stores (commonly known as supermarkets) are energy intensive, in the UK they account for approximately 3% of electricity demand and are responsible for 1% of greenhouse gas emissions.1 Energy used to refrigerate food in the sales floor area (SFA) and back of house (BOH) storage can account for over 40% of a typical store's total consumption.2 Internal heat gains from refrigeration are nominally accounted for in regulatory compliance energy models but the data inputs currently used to represent these are unrealistic as will be demonstrated in this paper.

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“…Thus, Maidment and Tozer (2002) speculate that in the long term, trigeneration systems must be powered by more efficient mini gas turbines or fuel cells, rather than gas engines, in order for trigeneration to be viable for commercial refrigeration applications. Sugiartha et al (2009) presented a methodology to evaluate the energy, economic and environmental performance of a micro-gas turbine based trigeneration system for supermarket applications. A prototype supermarket with a sales area of 30,140 ft 2 (2800 m 2 ) was proposed, which makes use of absorption chillers supplying chilled brine to the medium temperature display cases.…”

Section: Analytical Study By Maidment and Tozer (2002)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in under-utilization of the waste heat during warm summer months. To increase the efficiency of CHP systems in supermarket applications, several researchers have suggested integrating an absorption cooling system into the CHP system (Maidment and Tozer 2002) (Sugiartha, et al 2009) (Arteconi, Brandoni and Polonara 2009). The waste heat from the CHP system drives the absorption cooling system, which in turn, provides cooling for refrigerated display cases, storage areas and the retail space.…”

Section: Trigeneration or Combined Cooling Heat And Power (Cchp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, trigeneration has had limited application in the food retail market, principally due to the lack of commercially available systems suited for the supermarket industry (Sugiartha, et al 2009). Recently, however, several researchers, motivated by an effort to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, have theoretically studied the feasibility of using trigeneration systems in supermarket applications (Maidment and Tozer 2002) (Sugiartha, et al 2009) (Arteconi, Brandoni and Polonara 2009). In addition, a laboratory study of a micro turbine based trigeneration system with application to supermarkets has been reported by Ge et al (2009).…”

Section: Typical Commercially Available Trigeneration Systems Includementioning

confidence: 99%

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Waste Heat Recapture from Supermarket Refrigeration Systems

Fricke¹

2011

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Trigeneration in food retail: An energetic, economic and environmental evaluation for a supermarket application

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

Energy consumption and conservation in food retailing

Energy consumption and conservation in food retailing

Accounting for refrigeration heat exchange in energy performance simulations of large food retail buildings

Waste Heat Recapture from Supermarket Refrigeration Systems

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