Triggers of Permo-Triassic boundary mass extinction in South China: The Siberian Traps or Paleo-Tethys ignimbrite flare-up?

He, Bin; Zhong, Yu‐Wu; Xu, Yi–Gang; Li, Xian‐Hua

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.05.011

Cited by 81 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Analysis by XRD reveal the samples consist of mixed-layer of illite and smectite (21 % to 92 %), plagioclase (2 % to 61 %), quartz (1 % to 44 %), chlorite (0 % to 20 %), and gypsum (0 % to 48 %) with minor pyrite, alkali feldspar and calcite (Table S1). Previous analyses by Gao et al (2013) and He et al (2014) found similar mineral compositions for the tuff layers. The high content of clay minerals suggests that the samples have experienced intensive alteration, presumably after primary volcanic glass.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 53%

Convergent continental margin volcanic source for ash beds at the Permian-Triassic boundary, South China: Constraints from trace elements and Hf-isotopes

Wang

Cawood

Zhao

et al. 2019

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Volcanic activity around the time of the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) has been proposed as a trigger for the associated biocrisis. Multiple claystone beds are prominent near the PTB sections in South China. Twenty one PTB ash beds from three sections at Shangsi, Jianshi and Meishan in South China were sampled and analyzed. Volcanic ash geochemistry indicate dacite and rhyolite compositions. Zircons from the ash layers yield comparatively low Nb/Hf and high Th/Nb ratios, falling in the range of arc/orogenic-related settings. Zircon Hf-isotope compositions show that ε Hf (t) values vary from-11.7 to 1.8, indicating involvement of both juvenile and ancient crustal components. The ash beds (SS27a, JS129, JS130, JS133，MS25, MS26) near the biotic extinction horizon display a large variation in ε Hf (t) and relatively positive average values, indicating input of juvenile mantle or crust, and implying rapid transit through the older basement of the South China Craton. Spatial

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 53%

Convergent continental margin volcanic source for ash beds at the Permian-Triassic boundary, South China: Constraints from trace elements and Hf-isotopes

Wang

Cawood

Zhao

et al. 2019

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…Under a moderate to high intensity of diagenesis, the smectite-rich claystones would also have gradually transformed to interstratified I/S and illite, and some would have been altered to kaolinite. Quartz and zircon with contents of less than 5% indicate that the tuff can be derived from airborne acid volcanic ash (e.g., He et al, 2010He et al, , 2014Fang et al, 2016;Liao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Xrd Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New timing and geochemical constraints on the Capitanian (Middle Permian) extinction and environmental changes in deep-water settings: evidence from the Lower Yangtze region of South China

Zhang

Yao

Wignall

et al. 2019

JGS

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The Capitanian (Guadalupian) witnessed one of the major crises of the Phanerozoic and, like many other extinctions, it coincided with the eruption of large igneous province, in this case the Emeishan Traps of Southwest China. However, the timing and causal relationships of this event are in dispute. This study concentrates on the deep-water chert-mudstone strata of the Gufeng Formation and its transition to the Yinping Formation at Chaohu. Zircons from tuffs in the uppermost Gufeng Formation yield a U-Pb age of 261.6 ± 1.6 Ma, and comparison with sections around Emeishan suggests that they appeared in the Jinogondolella altudaensis conodont zone and persisted to the Jinogondolella xuanhanensis zone. This coincides with the Emeishan eruptions, and suggests that they probably derived from this province. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics also show the tuffs are of acid volcanogenic origin and have a geochemical fingerprint of the ELIP. Our dating show that a crisis amongst radiolarians and a subsequent productivity decline occurred during the middle Capitanian, prior to the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary. The Emeishan eruptions began immediately before this, indicating a likely causal relationship between these events. Major regression and marine anoxia/euxinia are two other important extinction-relevant environmental changes that occurred during this critical interval. The late Guadalupian crisis was of comparable magnitude to other mass extinctions (e.g., end-Triassic or end

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“…Therefore, the HFSE contents of bulk rocks are widely used to reveal the parental magmas and tectonic settings of volcanic ashes. The HFSE (Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr), REEs, and TiO 2 are considered important indicators for magmatic origin as they are immobile during diagenesis and weathering [40,41]. The Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 ratio is commonly used as reliable proxy indictor of the provenance, since the contents of Al and Ti remain constant in materials with different degrees of weathering [42,43].…”

Section: Source Magmas and Tectonic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Eu anomaly, therefore, may be used as a robust proxy to indicate source-magma chemistry [63][64][65]. Felsic volcanic ashes usually yield a marked significant negative Eu anomaly, and the Li-rich K-bentonite (S-1) shows a negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.47), lower than that of typical felsic igneous rocks (0.86) [40,66,67], which suggests that the Eu is strongly fractionated in a deep burial reducing diagenetic conditions and thus Eu 3+ becomes more soluble Eu 2+ . The absence of negative Ce anomalies in the Li-rich clays also indicates that the alteration took place in a suboxic or anoxic environment.…”

Section: Formation Mechanism Of Li-rich Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Triassic Lithium-Rich K-Bentonite Deposits in Xiejiacao Section, South China

et al. 2020

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Widespread alteration in the Early–Middle Triassic volcanic ash of the Xiejiacao section, south China, has resulted in significant occurrences of lithium-rich K-bentonite deposits with economic potential. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical investigations of Li-rich K-bentonite deposits from the Xiejiacao section of Guangan city, South China, are presented here. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and major element chemistry indicates that the Li-rich K-bentonite deposits contain quartz, clay minerals, feldspar, calcite and dolomite, and the clay minerals are dominated by illite and ordered (R3) illite/smectite (I/S). The concentrations of major and trace elements in Li-rich K-bentonite deposits altered from volcanic ashes are most likely derived from felsic magmas, associated with intense volcanic arc activity. The composition of the clay components suggests that the Li-rich K-bentonite deposits are probably altered from the smectite during diagenesis, whereas smectite is mainly formed by submarine alterations of volcanic materials and subsequently the I/S derived from the volcanogenic smectite illitization. Moreover, accurate determination of the structure in I/S reveals that the temperatures reached by the sedimentary series are around 180 °C with a burial depth of ~6000 m. The widely distributed lithium-rich clay deposits strongly indicate widespread eruptions of volcanic ashes in the Early–Middle Triassic, which released huge amounts of volcanic ash. Lithium fixed in the illite and I/S is considered to have leached from the volcanogenic products by a mixed fluid source (i.e., meteoric, porewater and hydrothermal fluids). These Li-rich clay minerals in the marine basin contain economically extractable levels of metal and are a promising new target for lithium exploration.

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Triggers of Permo-Triassic boundary mass extinction in South China: The Siberian Traps or Paleo-Tethys ignimbrite flare-up?

Cited by 81 publications

References 54 publications

Convergent continental margin volcanic source for ash beds at the Permian-Triassic boundary, South China: Constraints from trace elements and Hf-isotopes

Convergent continental margin volcanic source for ash beds at the Permian-Triassic boundary, South China: Constraints from trace elements and Hf-isotopes

New timing and geochemical constraints on the Capitanian (Middle Permian) extinction and environmental changes in deep-water settings: evidence from the Lower Yangtze region of South China

Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Triassic Lithium-Rich K-Bentonite Deposits in Xiejiacao Section, South China

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