Flavor effects can have a significant impact on the final estimate of the lepton (and therefore baryon) asymmetry in scenarios of leptogenesis. It is therefore necessary to account fully for this flavor dynamics in the relevant transport equations that describe the production (and washout) of the asymmetry. Doing so can both open up and restrict viable regions of parameter space relative to the predictions of more approximate calculations. In this review, we identify the regimes in which flavor effects can be relevant and illustrate their impact in a number of phenomenological models. These include type I and type II seesaw embeddings, and low-scale resonant scenarios. In addition, we provide an overview of the semi-classical and field-theoretic methods that have been developed to capture flavor effects in a consistent way.b Here, we have taken the right-handed charged leptons to live in their flavor basis, which we can always do without the need to rotate other couplings. This is, of course, different for the doublet leptons, which have SM Yukawa coupling, as well as couplings to RH neutrinos, that cannot be simultaneously diagonalized. A flavor-covariant description of the right-handed charged leptons is presented in Ref. [41].