Tris(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II)- and Tris(2,2′-bipyrazine)ruthenium(II)-Sensitized Photopolymerization of Acrylamide

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Photopolymerization of acrylamide (AA) sensitized by tris(l, I 0-phenanthroline )-ruthenium(II) and tris(2,2'-bipyrazine)ruthenium(II) complexes and was studied in aqueous solutions. AA was photopolymerized in the presence of both the sensitizer + and an electron donor triethylamine (TEA). The photopolymerization of AA did not occur in the presence of the sensitizer and TEA, but did in the coexistence of maleic acid as a comonomer. In these systems the Ru(II) complexes were not consumed during the polymerization. The mechanisms of photopolymerization for these systems are discussed.

Kinetic study of azidopentaammine cobalt(III) complex as photoinitiator and termination agent ofN-vinylpyrrolidone radical polymerization

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Among them azidopentaammine cobalt(III) {[Co(NH 3 ) 5 N 3 ] 2ϩ } presents the advantage of working over a wide range of excitation wavelengths (250 -650 nm). It presents two absorption bands at 302 (ligand to metal charge transfer, LMCT) and 516 nm (ligand field, LF), respectively.…”

Thioxanthone‐Based Hydrophilic Visible Photoinitiators for Radical Polymerization

“…As one of the most important components of the waterborne photopolymerization system, it is of importance to develop the water-soluble or waterborne photoinitiators. Watersoluble compounds such as xanthene dyes/amine, [3][4][5] phenoxazine dyes/amine, [ 6,7 ] synthetic dyes derived from thioxanthone (TX) [ 8 ] and safranine-T, [9][10][11][12] transitionmetal complexes, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] 4,5-di-iodosuccinylfl uorescein/ methyl blue, [ 20 ] naphthalimide derivatives/2,6-di-O -Me-βcyclodextrin complex, [ 21 ] carboxylated camphorquinone, [ 22 ] hydroxyl alkyl phenyl ketones, [ 23,24 ] phenacylpyridinium oxalate, [ 25 ] and bis(mesitoyl)phosphinic acid [ 26,27 ] were used as sensitizers for the photocrosslinking of water-soluble photopolymerization systems. The introduction of water absorption of TX from conventional UV region to visible light.…”

Development of new heterobicationic monomethine dyes as effective photoinitiator of free radical polymerization in visible‐light region

“…Designing systems that are photosensitive under visible light meant for use in photocurable pigmented coatings, in high speed laser imaging, and capable of superseding the harmful mercury‐based UV lamps by new, environmental friendly, energy saving, visible lamps such as excimer or metal halide doped lamps, are the subject of intensive research work 2. Very few cleavable radical photoinitiators (Type I) working under visible light are known as yet 1–4. Accordingly, it is necessary to use two‐component or multicomponent photoinitiating systems.…”