Triterpenes and Aromatic Meroterpenoids with Antioxidant Activity and Neuroprotective Effects from Ganoderma lucidum

Abstract

Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species generated in the human body can cause oxidative damage associated with many degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis, dementia, coronary heart diseases, aging, and cancer. There is a great interest in developing new antioxidants from Ganoderma fungus due to its low toxicity. As part of our ongoing search for antioxidative constituents from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, the chemical constituents were investigated and seven secondary metabolites, including one new lanostane triterpene (1), two known aromatic meroterpenoids (6–7), and four known triterpenes (2–5), were isolated by a series of chromatographic methods. The structures of the seven compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro for antioxidant potencies and neuroprotective activities against H2O2 and aged Aβ-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. As a result, compounds 1, 6, and 7 exhibited potent antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Additionally, all isolated compounds were tested for radical scavenging activities. Compounds 6 and 7 showed the comparable free radical scavenging activities with the standard drug in both ABTS (2, 2’-azobis (3-ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulfonaic acid)) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) experiments. The results from this study suggested that G. lucidum and its metabolites (especially the meroterpenoids) may be potential functional food ingredients for the antioxidation and prevention of neurogenerative diseases.

Chemical Profiling and Dose-Dependent Assessment of Fear Reducing and Memory-Enhancing Effects of Solanum virginianum in Rats

“…Terpenoids are previously reported to possess multi-faceted neurological properties because of their antioxidant properties. 57 Phytols, the major detected terpenoids, are testified to exert prominent antioxidant action by activating superoxide dismutase and restoring the glutathione metabolizing enzyme system. Furthermore, recently it has been reported that phytol, can mitigate the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit by repressing the activity of cholinesterases in the brains of Wistar rats.…”

Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Determination of Neutral and Acidic Polysaccharides from Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer

“…ABTS forms stable radicals when it reacts with potassium persulfate, which has the absorbance maxima at wavelength 734 nm. The addition of antioxidants decreases the absorbance at 734 nm since the antioxidants inhibit the formation of ABTS radicals, thus decreasing its concentration in the solution [37]. Figure 3a shows the scavenging effects of WGNP and WGAP with ascorbic acid as a positive control.…”

The Application of Ethanolic Ultrasonication to Ameliorate the Triterpenoid Content Extracted from Vietnamese Ganoderma lucidum with the Examination by Gas Chromatography

“…Hydrogen peroxide concentration is decreased by scavenger compound by facilitating the conversion of H 2 O 2 to H 2 O depending on the antioxidant potential of the component present in the extract [68] . This is due to scavenging activities of triterpenoids, phenolic, and polysaccharide compounds in the ethanolic extract of G. lucidum [69–72] …”