Triterpenoid saponins from Argania spinosa

Charrouf, Zoubida; Wieruszeski, J.-M.; Fkih‐Tetouani, S.; Leroy, Y.; Charrouf, M.; Fournet, Bernard

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-n

Cited by 61 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Rapidly, the search of new saponins from the argan tree became a Holy Grail chase. And indeed, several new saponins were discovered from various parts of the argan tree [15][16][17]. Although some were found to possess interesting anti-HIV activity [18,19], it rapidly became clear that the uncertainty, the time, and the challenges to develop a drug were incompatible with the time devoted to the argan forest rescue.…”

Section: The Search For the Magic Bulletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Development in Northern Africa: The Argan Forest Case

Charrouf¹,

Guillaume

2009

Sustainability

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Abstract:The argan tree is a slow growing tree exclusively endemic in the dry lowlands of Southwest Morocco. The argan forest constitutes a long time ignored specific biotope that has been declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1998. The argan forest is particularly fragile to climate change. Forecasts show annual precipitation levels and prolonged drought periods that could severely threaten the future of the argan forest. In some places, the argan forest is already damaged, resulting in the retreat of the argan tree and the subsequent desert encroachment. An acceleration of this trend would have devastating consequences. In response, some twenty years ago, an ambitious, unique in Northern-Africa, and government-supported program was initiated in Morocco to rescue the argan tree via the sustainable development of the argan forest. Because in the late 1980s, sustainable development in developing countries was often considered as a utopia, the argan forest case represents a sign of progress, as it is also an interesting and unique experience in Africa. This review analyses the process followed, the measures taken, the pitfalls encountered, and the results obtained during the last two decades. It also points out the measures that still need to be taken before declaring the argan forest rescue mission is accomplished.

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Section: The Search For the Magic Bulletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Development in Northern Africa: The Argan Forest Case

Charrouf¹,

Guillaume

2009

Sustainability

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“…Les etudes phytochimiques realisees sur l'arganier ont porte essentiellement sur les caracteristiques organoleptiques, chimiques et cosmetiques de I 'huile (Farines eta/., 1984 ;Boukhobza et Pichon-Prum, 1988;Maurin, 1992;Maurin eta/., 1992;Chimi eta/., 1994) et sur les proprietes du tourteau (residu solide apres extraction de l'huile) qui est riche en saponines (Charrouf et a/., 1991 ;Charrouf et a/., 1992 ;Bellakhdar, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Les substances volatiles deArgania spinosa(Sapotaceae)

Tahrouch

Rapior

Bessière

et al. 1998

Acta Botanica Gallica

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Resume.-Les substances volatiles des leuilles, de Ia pulpe et des amandes des fruits de l'arganier (Argania spinosa) on! ete etudiees pour Ia premiere lois par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplee a Ia spectrometrie de masse.Trente composes volatils ont ete detectes chez cene espece endemique du SudOuest marocain. Vint-cinq composes ont ete detectes dans les leuilles doni les principaux son! le 14-methylidene-2,6,1 0-trimethylhexadecene, les (E) et (Z)-2,6,1 0-trimethylhexadeca-1,3-diene, le p-hydroxyphenylethanol, l'octan-3-one et Ia pulegone. La pulpe contient sept composes volatils dont le 5-methyl-2-lurlural, les (E) et (Z) but-2-enol et l'acide methylbutyrique. Peu de substances volatiles ont ete detectees dans les amandes des graines.Summary.-Argania spinosa, an endemic species from western-south of Morocco, was investigated lor volatile components using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. As far as we know, it is the first time that volatile constituents of A. spinosa are identified. Thirty volatile compounds were detected from leaves, pulp and kernel of fruit. The main constituents of leaves were 14-methylidene-2,6,1 0-trimethylhexadecene, (E) and (Z)-2,6,1 0-trimethylhexadeca-1,3-diene, p-hydroxyphenylethanol, octan-3-one and pulegone. 5-Methyl-2-lurlural, (E) and (Z) but-2-enol and methylbutyric acid were detected in the pulp. Only 14-methylidene-2,6,1 0-trimethylhexadecene was identified in kernel of fruit.

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“…We now report NMR data of 3, obtained in C 5 D 5 N, as well as unreported data for 8 as now given in Tables 1, 4 and 5. The aglycone is described as occurring in species of Sapotaceae [13c, 21,22] and Rubiaceae, [23] and is now reported as being found for the first time in the Cucurbitaceae family.…”

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New saponins from Sechium mexicanum

Hernández-Carlos

Carmona-Pineda

Villanueva-Cañongo

et al. 2009

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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The chemical study of Sechium mexicanum roots led to the isolation of the two new saponins {3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2beta,3beta,16alpha,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside} (1) and {3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2beta,3beta,16alpha,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-[beta-D-apiosyl-(1 --> 3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside} (2), together with the known compounds {3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2beta,3beta,6beta,16alpha,23-pentahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside} (3), tacacosides A(1) (4) and B(3) (5). The structures of saponins 1 and 2 were elucidated using a combination of (1)H and (13)C 1D-NMR, COSY, TOCSY, gHMBC and gHSQC 2D-NMR, and FABMS of the natural compounds and their peracetylated derivates, as well as by chemical degradation. Compounds 1-3 are the first examples of saponins containing polygalacic and 16-hydroxyprotobasic acids found in the genus Sechium, while 4 and 5, which had been characterized partially by NMR, are now characterized in detail.

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Triterpenoid saponins from Argania spinosa

Cited by 61 publications

References 13 publications

Sustainable Development in Northern Africa: The Argan Forest Case

Sustainable Development in Northern Africa: The Argan Forest Case

Les substances volatiles deArgania spinosa(Sapotaceae)

New saponins from Sechium mexicanum

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