Tritrophic Interactions of TransgenicBacillus thuringiensisCorn,Anaphothrips obscurus(Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and the PredatorOrius majusculus(Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Zwahlen, Claudia; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Bigler, F.; Hilbeck, Angelika

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-29.4.846

Cited by 95 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Other studies, however, showed that there were no effects of Bt maize on aphids (Head et al 2001, Raps et al 2001, Bourguet et al 2002, Dutton et al 2002. Similarly, performance by thrips, F. tenuicornis (Uzel) and Anaphothrips obscurus (Muller) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in their study was not signiÞcantly different between Bt and non-Bt maize in studies by Zwahlen et al (2000), Obrist et al (2005), but thrips density was signiÞcantly higher in Bt maize in the study of Bourguet et al (2002). In the light of these few studies of transgenic crops, it is obvious that we must try to sort out case-by-case studies of nontarget arthropods on transgenic crops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Impacts of SixBtRice Lines on Nontarget Rice Feeding Thrips Under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Akhtar¹,

Tian²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

Environ Entomol

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Nontarget impacts of six transgenic Bt rice lines (expressing the Cry1Ab or Cry1Ab/ Cry1Ac protein) on the thrips, Stenchaetothrips biformis (Bagnall), attacking the rice seedling and tillering stages, were evaluated under laboratory and Þeld conditions. Laboratory results showed relatively longer larval, pupal development and preoviposition durations of S. biformis. Although it had a shorter oviposition period, female adult longevity and less total laid eggs were found when fed on some tested Bt rice in comparison to non-Bt controls. S. biformis population dynamics in Bt and non-Bt plots were monitored using the plastic bag and beat plate methods. In the Þeld, the temporal patterns of S. biformis population changes were similar between tested Bt rice lines and their respective control; however, the total number of S. biformis individuals collected from the Bt plots were signiÞcantly less or the same, varying from variety to variety, compared with those from the non-Bt plots. ELISA results showed that the Bt insecticidal protein could be transferred from Bt rice to the thrips, and the concentrations of the protein in rice leaves and thrips were not signiÞcantly correlated with some important biological parameters of the thrip. In addition, the potential effects of Bt rice on the abundance of S. biformis candidate predators are also discussed. In conclusion, our results show that the six Bt rice lines assessed may be less preferable host plants to S. biformis at the individual and population levels in comparison to the non-Bt rice plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Impacts of SixBtRice Lines on Nontarget Rice Feeding Thrips Under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Akhtar¹,

Tian²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

Environ Entomol

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“…Egg parasitoids and predators of maize pests were not negatively affected by Bt maize expressing Cry1A(b) protein (Orr & Landis, 1997;Pilcher et al, 1997;Zwahlen et al, 2000;Al-Deeb et al, 2001). When fed with prey tolerant to the Cry1A(b) toxin, the mortality and development of the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) were not affected (Hilbeck et al, 1998a).…”

Section: Genetically Modified (Gm) Plants Resistant To Insects Througmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term assessment of bt maize on non-target arthropods in Brazil

Faria

Martinelli²,

Schmidt

et al. 2007

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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ABSTRACT:Although not yet available for cultivation in Brazil, the effect of Bt maize hybrids on natural enemies and soil dwelling arthropods should be assessed prior to its release to growers. Trials were carried out during one growing season in two different locations with the genetically modified maize hybrids 7590-Bt11 and Avant-ICP4, comparing with their respective non-Bt isogenic hybrids. Arthropods were evaluated through direct observation on plants and pitfall traps. In general, no differences were observed between populations of earwig (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), lady beetles (Coleptera: Coccinellidae), minute pirate bug (Coleoptera: Anthocoridae), ground beetles (Carabidae), tiger beetles (Cicindelidae), and spiders (Araneae). There was no difference in egg parasitism of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) by Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Thus, Bt maize hybrids expressing insecticide proteins Cry1A(b) and VIP 3A do not cause reduction of the main maize dweeling predators and parasitoids.

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“…Most reports indicate no negative effects on predators in the field (Pilcher et al, 1997;Bourguet et al, 2002;Musser & Shelton, 2003;De la Poza et al, 2005) or the laboratory (Orr & Landis, 1997;Zwahlen et al, 2000;Al-Deeb et al, 2001;Dutton et al, 2002;Candolfi et al, 2004;Pons et al, 2004) except for the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Stephens fed on lepidopterous larvae (Hilbeck, 1998;Dutton et al, 2002). However, Romeis et al (2004) have recently reported that larvae of C. carnea are not sensitive to Cry1Ab toxin and that the earlier reported negative effects of Bt-maize were prey-quality mediated rather than direct toxic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of non-target pests in transgenic Bt-maize: A farm scale study

Pons¹,

Lumbierres²,

López³

et al. 2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The impact of transgenic Bt-maize, expressing the Cry1Ab protein, on aphids, leafhoppers, cutworms and wireworms was evaluated at the farm scale by comparing their abundance on Bt-plots and those sown with the isogenic variety over three consecutive growing seasons. The impact of Bt-maize was different on each of the three-herbivore groups. There were significantly more aphids on the Bt-maize but in terms of aphid species, the difference was only statistically significant for Sitobion avenae and not for the other three most abundant species (Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi and Macrosiphum euphorbiae). The analysis of aphid age structure showed consistently more individuals on Bt-plots; differences were significant for alates, apterous adults and young nymphs of R. padi, apterous adults and apterous fourth instar nymphs of S. avenae, alates, apterous adults and apterous fourth instar nymphs of M. dirhodum. Leafhoppers (Zyginidia scutellaris), particularly mature nymphs, were also more abundant on the Btmaize. In spite of this there was no difference in leafhopper damage to Bt and non Bt-maize. The reasons for this are unclear but may be due to changes in Bt-maize that favoured aphids and leafhoppers. Differences in aphid and leafhopper densities were not high enough to affect yield. However, they may have affected the availability of prey for polyphagous predators such as Orius sp. The Btmaize did not affect the incidence of cutworms (Agrotis segetum) or wireworms (Agriotes lineatus). These results indicate that Btmaize does not have a negative impact on the non-target maize biocenosis at the farm scale.

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Tritrophic Interactions of TransgenicBacillus thuringiensisCorn,Anaphothrips obscurus(Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and the PredatorOrius majusculus(Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Cited by 95 publications

References 17 publications

Impacts of SixBtRice Lines on Nontarget Rice Feeding Thrips Under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Impacts of SixBtRice Lines on Nontarget Rice Feeding Thrips Under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Short-term assessment of bt maize on non-target arthropods in Brazil

Abundance of non-target pests in transgenic Bt-maize: A farm scale study

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