Trophic Ecology and Structure of Coastal Antarctic Fish Communities

Targett, Timothy E.

doi:10.3354/meps004243

Cited by 129 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…At least 10 species of notothenioids have been found in the Prince Edward Islands and 2 of these, Paranotothenia magellanica and Lepidonotothen larseni, are particularly abundant in the shelf area (Table 1; Gon & Klages 1988). Notothenioids are considered to be bottom-dwelling fish but many are adapted for temporary or permanent pelagic life and feed primarily on planktonic crustaceans in the mid-water zone (Targett 1981, Duhamel & Bureau 1985, De Witt et al 1990. Targett (1981) has suggested a n average daily wet weight ration for such fish of 0.87 % of body weight.…”

Section: Predator Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notothenioids are considered to be bottom-dwelling fish but many are adapted for temporary or permanent pelagic life and feed primarily on planktonic crustaceans in the mid-water zone (Targett 1981, Duhamel & Bureau 1985, De Witt et al 1990. Targett (1981) has suggested a n average daily wet weight ration for such fish of 0.87 % of body weight. In this case the excess supply of crustaceans could support a notothenioid population of at least 2.3 X lo4 t. This is equivalent to ca 3 % of the biomass of the community of land-based predators.…”

Section: Predator Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Land-based predator impact on vertically migrating zooplankton and micronekton advected to a Southern Ocean archipelago

Perissinotto¹,

McQuaid²

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Combined acoustic (12 and 120 kHz) and trawling (RMT-2 and Bongo net) surveys in offshore waters of the Prince Edward Archipelago revealed diurnal vertical migration of major prey species (the euphausiid Euphausia vallentini and the myctophid fish Krefftichthys andersson~) of landbased predators. Migration was from 200-400 m in the day to near-surface levels at night and was linked to feeding periodicity. Consistently high winds result in drift of surface waters (down to 10-20 m) and advection of prey over the shelf Within the seasonal limits of the investigation (autumn), an estimated 3200 t of zooplankton and 310 t of myctophid fish were carried over the shelf every 24 h. Predators in the archipelago consume ca 900 t of crustaceans and 1700 t of fish d-' Thus, advection could supply sufficient crustaceans to the shelf area for the needs of the land-based predators, but is inadequate to support myctophid-feeding piscivores. Once over the shelf, prey attempting to migrate downwards ~vould be trapped by bottom topography and vulnerable to predation. The fit between estimates of advect~on and consumption of different prey types is supported by observed prey densities and predator behaviour Prey density in shelf and oceanic waters was similar at night, but decreased dramatically over, and downstream of, the shelf in the day. Rockhopper and Macaroni penguins are the most important crustacean predators and feed mainly over the shelf, with foraging ranges of about 30 and 100 km respectively. In contrast, King penguins account for >70 O/o of the fish consumed in the area and forage in deep waters, having an average foraging range of 300 km. This spatial segregation of the main predators is consistent with the availability of their prey.

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Section: Predator Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Predator Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-based predator impact on vertically migrating zooplankton and micronekton advected to a Southern Ocean archipelago

Perissinotto¹,

McQuaid²

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The estimates on the consumption of Antarctic or Arctic fish that live at very cold water temperatures give low results, and are always based on laboratory experiments (Crawford, 1978;Montgomery et al, 1989;Targett, 1981;Targett et al, 1987). In other works gastric evacuation rates at sub-zero temperatures have been predicted by extrapolation from experiments conducted at higher temperatures (Fange and Grove, 1979), given that only a few studies have investigated gastric evacuation rates at sub-zero temperatures, presumably because of the high expense required to sustain fish at sub-zero temperatures in the laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all estimates of fish consumption rates, carried out both in the field and in the laboratory, have been made at temperatures much higher than 0°C (Elliott and Persson, 1978;Grove and Crawford, 1980;Jobling, 1981;Gwyther and Grove, 1981;Dos Santos and Jobling, 1990;Tanasichuck et al, 1991;Bromley, 1994). Experiments on gastric evacuation on any fish at water temperatures close to or less than 0°C are rare (Tyler, 1970;Tarverdieva, 1972;Jones, 1974;Crawford, 1979;Targett, 1981;Montgomery et al, 1989;Hop and Tonn, 1998). Also, there is very little information available on the daily consumption rate of P. antarcticum (Gorelova and Gerasimchuk, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily ration of Antarctic silverfish (<i>Pleuragramma antarcticum</i> Boulenger, 1902) in the Eastern Weddell Sea

Olaso¹,

Lombarte²,

Velasco³

2004

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: The daily ration of Pleuragramma antarcticum in the Eastern Weddell Sea was investigated from midwater and bottom trawl samples collected in the Antarctic in the summer of 1998. Using a gastric evacuation model that takes into account Weddell Sea temperature below zero and information on the prey type daily ration estimates were: 1.133% BW for immature fish of 10-16 cm and 0.484% BW for mature fish of 17-24 cm. The low daily ration intake was influenced by the low temperatures that limited the rate of gastric evacuation. This model seems more realistic than results from the classic Elliot & Persson and Eggers models that are also used in this paper, since their assumptions on feeding regularity are more rigid and they do not consider data of energy density of the prey.Key words: daily ration, evacuation rate, Antarctic, pelagic fish, temperature. RESUMEN: PROPORCIÓN DIARIA DE ALIMENTO DEL DIABLILLO ANTÁRTICO (PLEURAGRAMMA ANTARCTICUM BOULENGER, 1902) EN EL ESTE DEL MAR DE WEDDELL. -La ración diaria de alimento de Pleuragramma antarcticum en el mar de Weddell es investigada en muestras de arrastres de fondo y pelágicas recogidas durante diferentes horas del día en el verano antártico de 1998. Utilizando un modelo de evacuación gástrica que tiene en cuenta la temperatura bajo del Mar de Weddell e información sobre el tipo de presa, las estimaciones de consumo diario fueron: 1.133% BW para peces inmaduros entre 10 -16 cm y 0.484% BW para peces maduros entre 17-24 cm. La baja ración diaria ingerida estuvo influida por las bajas temperaturas que limitan la tasa de evacuación gástrica. Este modelo parece más realista que los resultados de los modelos clásicos de Elliot & Persson and Eggers también empleados, ya que sus asunciones sobre su periodicidad de alimentación son más rígidas y no consideran datos de densidad energética de las presas.Palabras clave: proporción diaria de alimento, tasa de evacuación gástrica, Antártica, pez pelágico, temperatura.

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“…Other motile and sessile groups made up the remainder of the inhabitants. Most of them fi gure in the diets of demersal fi shes and benthic invertebrates of the Antarctic Peninsula region (Targett, 1981;Daniels, 1982). Figure 6 is a diagrammatic representation of a Low Island food web, placing the bryozoans within it as part of the link to the benthos.…”

Section: Habitat and Ecosystem Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Comfort: Systematics and Biology of Antarctic Bryozoans

Winston¹

2009

Smithsonian at the Poles : Contributions to International Polar Year Science

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Trophic Ecology and Structure of Coastal Antarctic Fish Communities

Cited by 129 publications

References 11 publications

Land-based predator impact on vertically migrating zooplankton and micronekton advected to a Southern Ocean archipelago

Land-based predator impact on vertically migrating zooplankton and micronekton advected to a Southern Ocean archipelago

Daily ration of Antarctic silverfish (<i>Pleuragramma antarcticum</i> Boulenger, 1902) in the Eastern Weddell Sea

Cold Comfort: Systematics and Biology of Antarctic Bryozoans

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