Trophic Levels and Anomalous δ<sup>15</sup>N of Insects on Raspberry (<i>Rubus Idaeus L.</i>)

Scrimgeour, C. M.; Gordon, Stuart C.; Handley, Linda L.; Woodford, J. A. T.

doi:10.1080/10256019508036256

Cited by 82 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The result was similar to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, which was more than 6‰ depleted in 15 N relative to their hosts (cabbage seedlings) (Wilson et al, 2011). Aphids are plant sap-feeding insects, which have been frequently reported as showing no enrichment or even depletion in 15 N relative to their diet (McCutchan et al, 2003;Sagers and Goggin, 2007;Schumacher and Platner, 2009;Scrimgeour et al, 1995). The mechanism governing nitrogen stable isotopic trophic differences between the Dd 15 N of P. japonica adults to cotton aphids (6.0‰ or 7.2‰) and those of P. japonica adults to maize aphids (0.3‰ or À0.2‰) remains unclear.…”

Section: Prey Origins Of Predatory Beetlessupporting

confidence: 52%

Tracing prey origins, proportions and feeding periods for predatory beetles from agricultural systems using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses

et al. 2014

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Section: Prey Origins Of Predatory Beetlessupporting

confidence: 52%

Tracing prey origins, proportions and feeding periods for predatory beetles from agricultural systems using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses

et al. 2014

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“…In this analysis, adult aquatic insects were excluded because the metamorphosis of insects from larvae/nymphs into adults is known to greatly increase the δ 15 N value (Scrimgeour et al 1995). The result indicated that stream macroinvertebrates with lower δ 13 C values tended to show lower δ 15 N values (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stream food web fueled by methane-derived carbon

Kohzu¹,

Kato²,

Iwata³

et al. 2004

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Food webs driven by energy from the oxidation of methane are now recognized to be omnipresent in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems (e.g. lakes, soils and peat bogs), as well as in deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. However, the incorporation of methane-derived carbon into stream food webs has never been reported. Here we present the first circumstantial evidence from stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios that a stream food web composed of aquatic macroinvertebrates is partly sustained by methanotrophs or chemoautotrophs that gain carbon respired by methane-oxidizing bacteria. Methane-derived carbon seems to enter stream communities around anoxic habitats such as backwater pools and hyporheic zones. Because these reductive habitats exist in many streams, food webs partly sustained by methane-derived carbon are likely to be ubiquitous in lotic ecosystems.

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“…However, important exceptions exist. Fluidfeeders, a group that includes blood-feeding parasites and hempiteran insects (2), frequently have been found to deviate from these typical patterns such that fluid-feeders are usually reported as showing no enrichment or even depletion in 15 N relative to their diet (2,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Although it is now commonly accepted that fluid-feeders deviate from typical patterns of enrichment, these observations have stimulated considerable speculation (2,14,18) but little, if any, research targeted at explaining the mechanistic basis of such atypical patterns of nitrogen enrichment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphids alter host-plant nitrogen isotope fractionation

Wilson

Sternberg

Hurley

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Plant sap-feeding insects and blood-feeding parasites are frequently depleted in 15 N relative to their diet. Unfortunately, most fluid-feeder/host nitrogen stable-isotope studies simply report stable-isotope signatures, but few attempt to elucidate the mechanism of isotopic trophic depletion. Here we address this deficit by investigating the nitrogen stable-isotope dynamics of a fluidfeeding herbivore-host plant system: the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, feeding on multiple brassicaceous host plants. M. persicae was consistently more than 6‰ depleted in 15 N relative to their hosts, although aphid colonized plants were 1.5‰ to 2.0‰ enriched in 15 N relative to uncolonized control plants. Isotopic depletion of aphids relative to hosts was strongly related to host nitrogen content. We tested whether the concomitant aphid 15 N depletion and host 15 N enrichment was coupled by isotopic mass balance and determined that aphid 15 N depletion and host 15 N enrichment are uncoupled processes. We hypothesized that colonized plants would have higher nitrate reductase activity than uncolonized plants because previous studies had demonstrated that high nitrate reductase activity under substrate-limiting conditions can result in increased plant δ 15 N values. Consistent with our hypothesis, nitrate reductase activity in colonized plants was twice that of uncolonized plants. This study offers two important insights that are likely applicable to understanding nitrogen dynamics in fluid-feeder/host systems. First, isotopic separation of aphid and host depends on nitrogen availability. Second, aphid colonization alters host nitrogen metabolism and subsequently host nitrogen stable-isotope signature. Notably, this work establishes a metabolic framework for future hypothesis-driven studies focused on aphid manipulation of host nitrogen metabolism.host-parasite interaction | nitrogen budget | plant-herbivore interaction | trophic enrichment N itrogen, required for the synthesis of nucleic and amino acids, is essential for development and growth. Found in the atmosphere, soil, and oceans in inorganic forms (1), animals depend on plants and microorganisms for nitrogen fixation and organic nitrogen supply in the form of proteins and amino acids. Universally, metabolic fractionation during nitrogen fixation, assimilation, respiration, and excretion results in differences in the ratio of nitrogen stable isotopes in different tissues within organisms (2) and at different levels within ecosystems (3). Typically, consumers are enriched in 15 N by ∼2‰ to 3‰ relative to their diet (2, 4, 5). However, important exceptions exist. Fluidfeeders, a group that includes blood-feeding parasites and hempiteran insects (2), frequently have been found to deviate from these typical patterns such that fluid-feeders are usually reported as showing no enrichment or even depletion in 15 N relative to their diet (2, 6-17). Although it is now commonly accepted that fluid-feeders deviate from typical patterns of enrichment, these observations have stimulat...

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Trophic Levels and Anomalous δ¹⁵N of Insects on Raspberry (Rubus Idaeus L.)

Cited by 82 publications

References 29 publications

Tracing prey origins, proportions and feeding periods for predatory beetles from agricultural systems using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses

Tracing prey origins, proportions and feeding periods for predatory beetles from agricultural systems using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses

Stream food web fueled by methane-derived carbon

Aphids alter host-plant nitrogen isotope fractionation

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Trophic Levels and Anomalous δ15N of Insects on Raspberry (Rubus Idaeus L.)

Cited by 82 publications

References 29 publications

Tracing prey origins, proportions and feeding periods for predatory beetles from agricultural systems using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses

Tracing prey origins, proportions and feeding periods for predatory beetles from agricultural systems using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses

Stream food web fueled by methane-derived carbon

Aphids alter host-plant nitrogen isotope fractionation

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Trophic Levels and Anomalous δ¹⁵N of Insects on Raspberry (Rubus Idaeus L.)