Trophic Transfer of Dechloranes in the Marine Food Web of Liaodong Bay, North China

Abstract

Dechloranes are of particular concern because of their ubiquity in environmental matrices, but little is known about their trophic transfer in aquatic food web. This study investigated the trophic transfer of seven dechloranes in a marine food web from Liaodong Bay, China. Dechloranes were determined in sediments and 15 marine species including benthic invertebrates, fish and gulls collected from Liaodong Bay. Biomagnification factors (BMFTL) of dechloranes in black-headed gulls were calculated to be 6.4, 1.7, 0.45, 0.36, 0.14, and 0.11 for mirex, Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603), antiundecachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (anti-Cl11DP), syn-dechlorane plus (syn-DP), and anti-DP. Significantly positive relationships were found between lipid equivalent concentrations of mirex, Dec 602, and anti-Cl11DP and trophic levels, and the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were 13, 3.7, and 5.6, respectively, indicating that these compounds undergo trophic magnification in the aquatic food web. Lipid equivalent concentrations of Dec 603 and DP isomers did not exhibit a statistically significant correlation with trophic levels. The relatively low trophic magnification potentials of Dec 603 and DP isomers were possibly due to their extreme hydrophobicity (logKOW: 11.2-11.3) and subsequent low bioavailabilities compared with mirex (7.0), Dec 602 (8.1) and anti-Cl11DP. The results provided important information for understanding the ecological risk of dechloranes.

Sources and environmental behaviors of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds — A review

“…BMF TL values could reach up to 12 in trout/smelt feeding relationship in Lake Ontario, while in Lake Winnipeg they were calculated as 2.5 and 0.45 for anti-and syn-DP, respectively (Tomy et al, 2007). Lower TMF was also found for DP isomers (2.2 for syn-DP and 1.6 for anti-DP) in the marine food web of Liaodong Bay, North China, where no significant trend was observed for TMF against the trophic level (p N 0.05) (Peng et al, 2014). Similar situations were observed in the waterbirds from an e-waste recycling region in South China and in the unborn eggs of different species from Spain (Barón et al, 2014a), where no significant correlations were obtained between DP levels and trophic levels (p N 0.05), suggesting that the biomagnification of DP was not clear in waterbird and bird egg.…”

“…Similar situations were observed in the waterbirds from an e-waste recycling region in South China and in the unborn eggs of different species from Spain (Barón et al, 2014a), where no significant correlations were obtained between DP levels and trophic levels (p N 0.05), suggesting that the biomagnification of DP was not clear in waterbird and bird egg. By contrast, PBDEs were observed to be evidently biomagnified in waterbirds , bird eggs (Barón et al, 2014a) and the marine food web (Peng et al, 2014). This could be due to the lower logK OW values of PBDEs (6.0 for BDE-47 and 6.8 for PBDE-99) than those of DP (9.3), and therefore leading to high bioavailability of PBDEs in organisms (Peng et al, 2014).…”

“…Chromatographic separation was usually achieved using capillary gas chromatography (GC) columns with a non-polar stationary phase, such as DB-5MS (De la Hoh et al, 2006;Jia et al, 2011;Ren et al, 2008;Zeng et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2015a), DB-5HT (Muñoz-Arnanz et al, 2011), DB-XLB (Chen et al, 2013a(Chen et al, , 2013bMo et al, 2013;Yan et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2011b), CP-Sil 13 CB , VF-5MS (Peng et al, , 2014, Rxi-5MS (Qiu and Hites, 2008) and Rtx-1614 (Ben et al, 2013;Peverly et al, 2015). The 15 m and 30 m columns were generally selected.…”

“…Some BDE congeners, e.g., BDE-71, -77, -126 and -166 which could not be detected in the environment, were also served as internal standards in some works (Peverly et al, 2015;Ismail et al, 2009). Besides these, 13 C-PCB-180 and -209 were selected due to their similar chromatographic behaviors to DP (Peng et al, , 2014Zhang et al, 2013). In recent years, isotopically labeled DP were commercially produced ( 13 C-syn-DP and 13 C-anti-DP), making isotopic dilution feasible and pratical for DP determination (Barón et al, 2012;Brasseur et al, 2014;Fang et al, 2014;Huber et al, 2015;Ma et al, 2015;Newton et al, 2015).…”

“…It has been observed in the Arctic regions and marine environment, indicating its long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) potential (Möller et al, 2010(Möller et al, , 2012a. DP was also found to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in biota (Peng et al, 2014;Tomy et al, 2007Tomy et al, , 2008Wang et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2010). Recently, Toxicological research indicated that oral exposure to DP can induce hepatic oxidative damage and perturbations of metabolism and signal transduction of male mice .…”