“…The environmental consequences of human behavior are tremendous and have been documented in studies of global warming, acid rain, loss of animal habitats, and species extinction (for a review of these studies, see World Scientists 1996). In their recent efforts to uncover the social structural causes of pollution, sociologists have explored the environmental effects of factors such as urbanization (Ehrhardt-Martinez 1998;Rudel and Horowitz 1993), modernization (Crenshaw and Jenkins 1996), class hierarchies (Lutzenhiser 1993), long economic cycles (Chew 1999), and the world-system (Bunker 1984;Grimes, Roberts, and Manale 1993). This emerging body of research, which we label "ecostructuralism," provides a needed counterbalance to conventional explanations that stress individual level factors such as lifestyle, consumption habits, and so on as the causes of pollution.…”