Tropical montane cloud forests.

Aldrich, Mark; Price, Martin F.

doi:10.1079/9780851994468.0390

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Presently, Mesoamerican cloud forests take place in narrow altitudinal zones [25] and occur in restricted and limited areas [26]. They represent evergreen forests [27] characterized by a constant, frequent or seasonal cloud cover [25]. The geographic range of Chiranthodendron covers several geographic provinces separated mainly by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and may represent a potential physical and ecological barrier [28] to dispersal and gene flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear phylogeography of the temperate tree species Chiranthodendron pentadactylon (Malvaceae): Quaternary relicts in Mesoamerican cloud forests

2020

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Background: The Mexican hand tree or Canac (Chiranthodendron pentadactylon) is a temperate tree species of cloud and pine-oak forests of southern Mexico and Guatemala. Its characteristic hand-shaped flower is used in folk medicine and has constituted the iconic symbol of the Sociedad Botánica de México since 1940. Here, the evolutionary history of this species was estimated through phylogeographic analyses of nuclear DNA sequences obtained through restriction site associated DNA sequencing and ecological niche modeling. Total genomic DNA was extracted from leaf samples obtained from a representative number (5 to 10 per sampling site) of individuals distributed along the species geographic range. In Mexico, population is comprised by spatially isolated individuals which may follow the trends of cloud forest fragmentation. By contrast, in Guatemala Chiranthodendron may constitute a canopy dominant species near the Acatenango volcano. The distributional range of this species encompasses geographic provinces separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The objectives of the study were to: (i) estimate its genetic structure to define whether the observed range disjunction exerted by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec translates into separate populations, (ii) link population divergence timing and demographic trends to historical climate change, and (iii) test hypotheses related to Pleistocene refugia. Results: Patterns of genetic diversity indicated high levels of genetic differentiation between populations separated by the Isthmus. The western and eastern population diverged approximately 0.873 Million years ago (Ma). Demographic analyses supported a simultaneous split from an ancestral population and rapid expansion from a small stock approximately 0.2 Ma corresponding to a glacial period. The populations have remained stable since the LIG (130 Kilo years ago (Ka)). Species distribution modelling (SDM) predicted a decrease in potential distribution in the Last Interglacial (LIG) and an increase during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (22 Ka), Mid-Holocene (6 Ka) and present times.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear phylogeography of the temperate tree species Chiranthodendron pentadactylon (Malvaceae): Quaternary relicts in Mesoamerican cloud forests

2020

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“… A–C : Distribution (relative occurrence rate) of tropical montane cloud forests estimated using an inhomogeneous point process model [ 47 ] of 529 cloud forest locations (black points) [ 48 ] with the new cloud metrics and elevation [ 7 ] (see Materials and Methods and S4 Table for modeling details). Panels show predictions for ( A ) South and Central America, ( B ) Africa, and ( C ) Southeast Asia/Australia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locations of known cloud forests were obtained from the Tropical Montane Cloud Forest Sites database maintained by the United Nations Environment Program–—World Conservation Monitoring Centre and published in A Global Directory of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests [ 48 ]. This dataset contains 529 locations compiled from literature and correspondence with regional experts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remotely Sensed High-Resolution Global Cloud Dynamics for Predicting Ecosystem and Biodiversity Distributions

2016

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Cloud cover can influence numerous important ecological processes, including reproduction, growth, survival, and behavior, yet our assessment of its importance at the appropriate spatial scales has remained remarkably limited. If captured over a large extent yet at sufficiently fine spatial grain, cloud cover dynamics may provide key information for delineating a variety of habitat types and predicting species distributions. Here, we develop new near-global, fine-grain (≈1 km) monthly cloud frequencies from 15 y of twice-daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images that expose spatiotemporal cloud cover dynamics of previously undocumented global complexity. We demonstrate that cloud cover varies strongly in its geographic heterogeneity and that the direct, observation-based nature of cloud-derived metrics can improve predictions of habitats, ecosystem, and species distributions with reduced spatial autocorrelation compared to commonly used interpolated climate data. These findings support the fundamental role of remote sensing as an effective lens through which to understand and globally monitor the fine-grain spatial variability of key biodiversity and ecosystem properties.

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“…Jarvis and Mulligan [11] analyzed the predominant climatic conditions for areas of known cloud forests in the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) database of protected areas [55]. In general, topographical exposure was the most significant parameter explaining the geographical differences between cloud forests and montane forests, followed by distance to coast, montane range size, and altitude [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more than 560 tropical sites with confirmed cloud forest presence [55] represent a wide range of climatic (temperature, wind, rainfall) and landscape conditions (altitude, montane size, exposure, and distance to sea). Jarvis and Mulligan [11] analyzed the predominant climatic conditions for areas of known cloud forests in the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) database of protected areas [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Low Clouds in Taiwan Retrieved from MODIS Data and Its Relation to Cloud Forest Occurrence

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The relationship between satellite-derived low cloud frequency and the occurrence of tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) in Taiwan was investigated. From daily MODIS cloud mask products between 2003 and 2012 the low cloud class was extracted and mean low cloud frequency was calculated for Taiwan. This low cloud frequency map was blended with an existing plot-based vegetation classification for Taiwan to analyze the relationship between low cloud frequency and TMCF occurrence. Receiver operating characteristics curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to analyze if a relationship exists. No relationship was found for all four TMCF types taken together (AUC = 0.61) and for the dominant TMCF type, Quercus montane evergreen broad-leaved cloud forest (AUC = 0.5). Strong relationships were found for the two spatially-restricted TMCF types, Fagus montane deciduous broad-leaved cloud forest (AUC = 0.91) and PasaniaElaeocarpus montane evergreen broad-leaved forest (AUC = 0.84), as well as for the second dominant type Chamaecyparis montane mixed cloud forest (AUC = 0.74). The results show that low cloud frequency thresholds might be associated with specific cloud forest types in Taiwan. Further studies should incorporate information about cloud base height, cloud OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2015, 7 12987 density, and cloud immersion time as well as satellite-based cloud frequency information with a higher temporal resolution. Combination with satellite-based land cover classifications for Taiwan would allow quasi-continuous observation of TMCF changes. Such knowledge would be the precondition for effective protective actions concerning this exceptional but threatened ecosystem.

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Tropical montane cloud forests.

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Nuclear phylogeography of the temperate tree species Chiranthodendron pentadactylon (Malvaceae): Quaternary relicts in Mesoamerican cloud forests

Nuclear phylogeography of the temperate tree species Chiranthodendron pentadactylon (Malvaceae): Quaternary relicts in Mesoamerican cloud forests

Remotely Sensed High-Resolution Global Cloud Dynamics for Predicting Ecosystem and Biodiversity Distributions

Frequency of Low Clouds in Taiwan Retrieved from MODIS Data and Its Relation to Cloud Forest Occurrence

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