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Background In case of suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), international guidelines recommend to obtain a 12-lead ECG as soon as possible after first medical contact, to administrate platelet aggregation inhibitors and antithrombins, and to transfer the patient as quickly as possible to an emergency department. Methods A German emergency care service database was retrospectively analysed from 2014 to 2016. Data were tested for normal distribution and the Mann–Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. Results are presented as medians (IQR). Results A total of 1424 patients with suspected ACS were included in the present analysis. A 12-lead ECG was documented in 96% of patients (n = 1369). The prehospital incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 18% (n = 250). In 981 patients (69%), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), unfractionated heparin (UFH), or ASA and UFH was given. Time in prehospital care differed significantly between non-STEMI (NSTEMI) ACS (37 [IQR 30, 44] min) and STEMI patients (33 [IQR 26, 40] min, n = 1395, p < 0.0001). Most of NSTEMI ACS and STEMI patients were brought to the emergency care unit, while 30% of STEMI patients were directly handed over to a cardiac catheterization laboratory. Conclusions Prehospital ECG helps to identify patients with STEMI, which occurs in 18% of suspected ACS. Patients without ST-elevations suffered from longer prehospital care times. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that ST-elevations in patients prompt prehospital medical teams to act more efficiently while the absence of ST-elevations even in patients with suspected ACS might cause unintended delays. Moreover, this analysis suggests the need for further efforts to make the cardiac catheterization laboratory the standard hand-over location for all STEMI patients.
Background In case of suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), international guidelines recommend to obtain a 12-lead ECG as soon as possible after first medical contact, to administrate platelet aggregation inhibitors and antithrombins, and to transfer the patient as quickly as possible to an emergency department. Methods A German emergency care service database was retrospectively analysed from 2014 to 2016. Data were tested for normal distribution and the Mann–Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. Results are presented as medians (IQR). Results A total of 1424 patients with suspected ACS were included in the present analysis. A 12-lead ECG was documented in 96% of patients (n = 1369). The prehospital incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 18% (n = 250). In 981 patients (69%), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), unfractionated heparin (UFH), or ASA and UFH was given. Time in prehospital care differed significantly between non-STEMI (NSTEMI) ACS (37 [IQR 30, 44] min) and STEMI patients (33 [IQR 26, 40] min, n = 1395, p < 0.0001). Most of NSTEMI ACS and STEMI patients were brought to the emergency care unit, while 30% of STEMI patients were directly handed over to a cardiac catheterization laboratory. Conclusions Prehospital ECG helps to identify patients with STEMI, which occurs in 18% of suspected ACS. Patients without ST-elevations suffered from longer prehospital care times. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that ST-elevations in patients prompt prehospital medical teams to act more efficiently while the absence of ST-elevations even in patients with suspected ACS might cause unintended delays. Moreover, this analysis suggests the need for further efforts to make the cardiac catheterization laboratory the standard hand-over location for all STEMI patients.
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Leitlinien zum Myokardinfarkt (MI) empfehlen eine blutverdünnende Therapie zum Diagnosezeitpunkt. Während der MI mit ST-Streckenhebung (STEMI) präklinisch sicher detektiert werden kann, ist das akute Koronarsyndrom ohne ST-Streckenhebung (NSTE-ACS) eine Arbeitsdiagnose. Zielsetzung Erfassung von präklinischem Loading mit Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) und Heparin stratifiziert nach ACS-Entität und in Abhängigkeit von oraler Antikoagulation. Methoden Die PRELOAD-Studie wurde als deutschlandweite Online-Umfrage durchgeführt. STEMI/NSTE-ACS-Szenarien wurden mit folgender Variation präsentiert: I) ohne Vorbehandlung, II) Vorbehandlung mit neuem oralem Antikoagulan (NOAK), Vorbehandlung mit Vitamin-K-Antagonist (VKA). Loading-Strategien wurden erhoben und umfassten: a) ASS, b) unfraktioniertes Heparin (UFH), c) ASS + UFH, d) kein Loading. Ergebnisse In die Studie wurden 708 Notfallmediziner*innen eingeschlossen. Beim NSTE-ACS ohne Vorbehandlung entschieden sich 79 % für ein Loading (p < 0,001). ASS + UFH (71,4 %) war die häufigste Antwort. Beim STEMI entschlossen sich 100 % zum Loading, wobei 98,6 % ASS + UFH wählten. Beim NSTE-ACS mit NOAK-Vorbehandlung wählten 69,8 % Loading (p < 0,001). Eine VKA-Einnahme führte in 72,3 % der Fälle zum Loading (p < 0,001). ASS gefolgt von ASS + UFH waren die häufigsten Antworten. Beim STEMI war eine NOAK- bzw. VKA-Behandlung in 97,5 bzw. 96,8 % der Fälle mit einer Loading-Entscheidung verbunden (p < 0,001) – vermehrt wurde eine ASS-Monotherapie eingesetzt. Schlussfolgerungen Präklinisches Loading ist die präferierte Behandlungsstrategie, obwohl beim NSTE-ACS die Leitlinien eine Antikoagulation erst zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose empfehlen. Im Fall vorbestehender oraler Antikoagulation wird präklinisches Loading gehäuft in Form einer ASS-Monotherapie durchgeführt. Beim STEMI mit Notwendigkeit der sofortigen invasiven Strategie bedeutet dies eine potenzielle Unterversorgung.
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