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Chen, H J; Treweeke, Andrew T.; Ke, Youqiang; West, David C.; Toh, Cheng Hock

doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1122

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…Among these, VEGF has the greatest potential for research ( 3 , 4 ). The level of VEGF is significantly increased in NSCLC and is intimately associated with tumor metastasis as well as poor prognosis ( 5 – 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and matrix metalloproteinases in Lewis lung carcinoma cells

Chen

et al. 2012

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in tumor progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9 and wild-type (WT) p53 has been found to regulate the production of VEGF. Whether VEGF regulates the production of COX-2, MMP2, MMP9 and WTp53, however, has yet to be determined. This study examined the influence of the overexpression or knockdown of VEGF on the protein levels of COX-2, MMP2, MMP9 and WTp53 as well as cell growth and cell cycle progression in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. LLC cells were transfected with pIRES2-VEGF-GFP in the VEGF-overexpressing group (LLC-VEGF), pIRES2-GFP in the mock group (LLC-GFP) or pSUPER-VEGF-GFP in the VEGF knockdown group (LLC-RNAi). Protein levels were detected by western blot analysis. LLC cell growth exhibited no marked change in the LLC-VEGF group, but was significantly retarded in the LLC-RNAi group. Further examination revealed that more cells entered the S stage in the LLC-VEGF group than in the control (or mock) group (45.3 vs. 29.1%, P<0.05), and that cell growth was retarded in the LLC-RNAi group. Moreover, COX-2 and MMP2 and MMP9 proteins were significantly increased in the LLC-VEGF group (approximately 1.84-, 1.89- and 1.83-fold, respectively, vs. control, P<0.05), but significantly decreased in the LLC-RNAi group, whereas the expression of WTp53 exhibited the opposite pattern of change. VEGF expression was positively correlated with COX-2, MMP2 and MMP9 expression (r=0.984, r=0.978, r=0.969, respectively, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with WTp53 (r=−0.833, p<0.01). The activities of MMP2 and MMP9 were increased in the LLC-VEGF group. In conclusion, VEGF overexpression may promote the expression of COX-2 and MMPs, but inhibits WTp53 production in LLC cells; VEGF underexpression may have an inverse effect. These changes are closely correlated with the infiltration and metastasis of lung cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and matrix metalloproteinases in Lewis lung carcinoma cells

Chen

et al. 2012

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Profiling and Verification of Gene Expression Patterns in Normal and Malignant Human Prostate Tissues by cDNA Microarray Analysis

et al. 2001

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cDNA microarray technology allows the "profiling" of gene expression patterns for virtually any cellular material. In this study, we applied cDNA microarray technology to profile changes in gene expression associated with human prostate tumorigenesis. RNA prepared from normal and malignant prostate tissue was examined for the expression levels of 588 human genes. Four different methods for data normalization were utilized. Of these, normalization to ACTB expression proved to be the most rigorous technique with the least probability of producing spurious results. After normalization to ACTB expression, 15 of 588 (2.6%) genes examined by array analysis were differentially expressed by a factory of 2x or more in malignant compared to normal prostate tissues. The expression patterns for 8 of 15 genes have been reported previously in prostate tissues (TGFbeta3, TGFBR3, IGFII, IGFBP2, VEGF, FGF7, ERBB3, MYC), but those of seven genes are reported here for the first time (MLH1, CYP1B1, RFC4, EPHB3, MGST1, BTEB2, MLP). These genes describe at least four metabolic and signaling pathways likely disrupted in human prostate tumorigenesis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analyses quantitated with reference to ACTB expression levels verified the trends in gene expression levels observed by array analysis for 14/15 and 8/8 genes, respectively. However, RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses accurately verified the "fold" differences in expression levels for only 6/15 (40%) and 7/8 (88%) of genes examined, respectively, demonstrating the need to better validate quantitative differences in gene expression revealed by array-based techniques.

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Vascular Differences Detected by MRI for Metastatic Versus Nonmetastatic Breast and Prostate Cancer Xenografts

et al. 2001

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Several studies have linked vascular density, identified in histologic sections, to "metastatic risk." Functional information of the vasculature, not readily available from histologic sections, can be obtained with contrast-enhanced MRI to exploit for therapy or metastasis prevention. Our aims were to determine if human breast and prostate cancer xenografts preselected for differences in invasive and metastatic characteristics established correspondingly different vascular volume and permeability, quantified here with noninvasive MRI of the intravascular contrast agent albumin-GdDTPA. Tumor vascular volume and permeability of human breast and prostate cancer xenografts were characterized using MRI. Parallel studies confirmed the invasive behavior of these cell lines. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the cell lines was measured using ELISA and Western blots. Metastasis to the lungs was evaluated with spontaneous as well as experimental assay. Metastatic tumors formed vasculature with significantly higher permeability or vascular volume (P<.05, two-sided unpaired t test). The permeability profile matched VEGF expression. Within tumors, regions of high vascular volume usually exhibited low permeability whereas regions of low vascular volume exhibited high permeability. We observed that although invasion was necessary, without adequate vascularization it was not sufficient for metastasis to occur.

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Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and matrix metalloproteinases in Lewis lung carcinoma cells

Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and matrix metalloproteinases in Lewis lung carcinoma cells

Profiling and Verification of Gene Expression Patterns in Normal and Malignant Human Prostate Tissues by cDNA Microarray Analysis

Vascular Differences Detected by MRI for Metastatic Versus Nonmetastatic Breast and Prostate Cancer Xenografts

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