True run-up heights reached by the huge tsunami of 1896

Miyoshi, Hisashi

doi:10.1007/bf02109216

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Large run-up heights of 23, 29, and 38 m were observed at the bayhead in Ryori Bay, located on the Sanriku coast ( Fig. 1b), for the , 1933, and 1896tsunamis, respectively (Kajiura 1977Miyoshi 1987;Suzuki et al 2012;TTJS). However, as previously indicated, the moment magnitudes of the 2011, 1933, and 1896 earthquakes were 9.1, 8.5, and 8.1, respectively; thus, because of their smaller moment magnitudes, one would expect the generated offshore tsunamis of the 1933 and 1896 earthquakes to be smaller than those generated by the 2011 earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent amplification of the Sanriku tsunamis in Ryori Bay

Yamanaka

Nakamura

2020

Earth Planets Space

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In the present study, the local tsunami amplification observed in Ryori Bay, located on the Sanriku coast of Japan, was investigated using numerical simulations. Large-scale tsunami propagation simulations and tsunami inundation simulations for the bay were systematically conducted to estimate and model the 2011, 1933, and 1896 tsunamis that occurred off the Sanriku coast and which resulted in large run-ups. The simulation results, which are moderately consistent with observations, presented larger run-up heights and inundations for the 1933 and 1896 tsunamis (which followed relatively small earthquakes) compared to those of the 2011 tsunami (which followed a larger earthquake). Furthermore, the frequency analysis indicated that the former two tsunamis comprised higher predominant components. A tsunami inundation simulation using parametrized synthetic waveforms was conducted to identify the contributing factors associated with the large amplification and run-ups. The results indicated that the predominant components are significantly amplified in the bay and the initial decrease in the water surface elevation prior to the primary waves of the two tsunamis leads to an increase in their run-up heights. Furthermore, the simulated waveforms of the tsunamis revealed that the 1933 and 1896 tsunamis had their wavefronts changed into a steep wavefront, i.e., a bore-like wave, during their wave developments in the bay, attributed to shoaling, narrowing bay width, and the nonlinear effect of the wave. These results, therefore, indicate that bores which are known to generate large run-up heights were generated in the bay during the two tsunamis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent amplification of the Sanriku tsunamis in Ryori Bay

Yamanaka

Nakamura

2020

Earth Planets Space

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“…The heights measured by Yamana tend to be larger than those of Iki (1897) in comparison with data obtained at the same hamlet (Hatori, 1995). Miyoshi (1987) indicated an underestimation of 22 m at Ryorishirahama obtained by Iki (1987) and proposed 38.2 m based on his own field survey. The extraordinary high wave resulted from the runup along a valley.…”

Section: Abementioning

confidence: 77%

Tsunami Resonance Curve from Dominant Periods Observed in Bays of Northeastern Japan

Abe

Tsunamis

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Seiche oscillations were observed under quiet sea conditions in 36 bays in the Sanriku district of northeast Japan from September 24, 2001 to August 11, 2002. A semiconductor pressure gauge was installed at quays in heads of bays to detect a water level for 6 hours with a sampling interval of 1 minute. Dominant periods were determined from the maximum levels in the amplitude spectra. The resulting dominant periods varied from 7 to 60 minutes, with an average of 25 minutes. Most of them corresponded to those of the fundamental mode. The dominant periods were correlated with amplification factors of tsunamis in the same bays using inundation heights observed in four large tsunamis: the 1896 Meiji Sanriku, the 1933 Showa Sanriku, the 1960 Chilean, and the 1968 Tokachi-oki tsunamis. The amplification factor was defined as the ratio of wave heights between head and mouth. The latters were obtained using a continuous function applied to half of inundation heights observed at the open coast. The amplification factors show a clear dependence on the dominant period, having the maximum levels at 12, 7, 47, and 28 minutes for the 1896, 1933, 1960, and 1968 tsunamis, respectively. These periods nearly coincide with dominant periods of 10, 9.8, 49, and 22 minutes observed at Ayukawa tide station for the 1896, 1933, 1960, and 1968 tsunamis, respectively. This verifies that the response curve from the space distribution is similar to the tsunami spectra from the time history. The amplification factors were plotted versus the tsunami periods normalized by the dominant periods of bays in a tsunami resonance curve. The tsunami resonance curve is a unified expression of tsunamis having the maximums at resonance periods. It was shown that the observed dominant periods are adequate for the resonance curve.

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Tsunami-induced conglomerates in Miocene upper bathyal deposits, Chita Peninsula, central Japan

Shiki¹,

Yamazaki

1996

Sedimentary Geology

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True run-up heights reached by the huge tsunami of 1896

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Frequency-dependent amplification of the Sanriku tsunamis in Ryori Bay

Frequency-dependent amplification of the Sanriku tsunamis in Ryori Bay

Tsunami Resonance Curve from Dominant Periods Observed in Bays of Northeastern Japan

Tsunami-induced conglomerates in Miocene upper bathyal deposits, Chita Peninsula, central Japan

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