Trusting Other Vehicles’ Automatic Emergency Braking Decreases Self-Protective Driving

Abstract

Objective We focused on drivers in close proximity to vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). We examined whether the belief that an approaching vehicle is equipped with automatic emergency braking (AEB) influences behavior of those drivers. Background In addition to benefits of ADAS, previous studies have demonstrated negative behavioral adaptation, that is, behavioral changes after introduction of ADAS, by its users. However, little is known about whether negative behavioral adaptation can occur for nonusers in close proximity to vehicles with ADAS. Method Experienced (Experiment 1) and novice (Experiment 2) drivers drove a simulator vehicle without ADAS and tried to pass through intersections. We manipulated participants’ belief about whether an approaching vehicle had AEB and time-to-arrival of the approaching vehicle. Participants kept constant speed or pressed the brake pedal before entering each intersection. In Experiment 2, participants rated their trust in AEB by a questionnaire after driving. Results In both experiments, belief about the approaching vehicle’s AEB did not influence braking probability; however, belief delayed initiation of braking. The effect of belief on braking latency was only observed when trust in AEB was higher in Experiment 2. Conclusion Negative behavioral adaptation can occur for nonusers in close proximity to users of AEB, and trust in AEB plays an important role. Application When evaluating the effect of ADAS, the possible behavioral change of surrounding nonusers as well as users should be taken into account. To establish consumers’ trust accurately, advertisements (e.g., TV commercials) must carefully consider their messages.

The Eco-Driving Considering Coordinated Control Strategy for the Intelligent Electric Vehicles

“…In succession with the physical models, data-driven based adaptive cruise control models by integrating communication technologies have been proposed to achieve cooperative cruise functions [21]. In emergency scenarios, automatic emergency braking systems with accuracy braking performs are developed to guarantee driving safety [22]. However, traffic uncertainties involving vehicle motion intentions are always ignored and traffic situation levels should be evaluated to switch among control modes as well [23].…”

“…TTC corresponds to the collision moment and the threat level set Φ is decided by an experimental method based on the reverse TTC. (22) Boundaries between adjacent threat levels varies with the velocity vc km/h of the critical target vehicle as follows.…”

Evaluation of autonomous emergency braking by using a theoretical formula and dual cameras

“…Woo et al 13 authored “Design and simulation of a vehicle test bed based on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).” Specifically, ITS-based intelligent vehicle test bed was constructed, satisfying the requirements of ISO/TC204 standards, to meet the growing demand of testing and verification for ADAS and ITS systems. Peng et al 14 authored “AEB effectiveness research methods based on reconstruction results of truth vehicle-to-two wheel (TW) accidents in China,” Zeng et al 15 authored “Improved AEB algorithm combined with estimating the adhesion coefficient of road ahead and considering the performance of electro-hydraulic brake,” Kinosada et al 16 authored “Trusting other vehicles’ automatic emergency braking decreases self-protective driving,” and Ahmad et al 17 authored “Simulation and experimental investigation of vehicle braking system employing a fixed caliper based electronic wedge brake.” Finally, Soule et al 18 authored “Testing an automated collision avoidance and emergency braking system for buses.”…”