Truth or consequences

Abstract

Purpose -This paper aims to describe a study of the negotiation process, focusing on the use of seven competitive-unethical tactics in dyadic negotiations. The initial use of these tactics and their effects on process and outcomes are examined. Design/methodology/approach -In total, 230 Brazilian professionals from a large financial institution participated in two-party, property-leasing negotiations involving eight issues with assigned point values. Negotiations were conducted online and, from the recorded transcripts, seven competitive-unethical tactics were tracked and analyzed with respect to the negotiation process and outcomes (individual and joint, perceived and actual). Findings -The study found that most participants employed one or more tactics, the stage and incidents of initial use affected overall employment, and participants often reciprocated when tactics were employed. Reciprocation was best described by a logarithmic function, with a small number of tactics answered with as many or more tactics, but a large number of tactics producing a smaller response. Also, number of messages exchanged and number of tactics per message were related to likelihood of reaching an agreement and, to some extent, to individual outcomes (actual and perceived). Reaching an agreement and perceived individual outcome were associated with a participant's desire to negotiate with a counterpart in the future. Originality/value -The vast majority of studies to date have employed questionnaires to measure ethical attitudes or intentions, or have limited their empirical studies to competitive tactics only. This study moves beyond these methodologies to examine the actual use of a range of competitive-unethical tactics, and their effects on process and outcomes.

A Study of Integrative Bargaining Model with Argumentation-Based Negotiation

“…Third, this study did not consider the factors that determine the effects of the negotiation process. To comprehend how individuals judge if the behavior is right or wrong, researchers have examined a range of factors and relational constructs, for example, individual factors (personality) and their relationship to ethical judgment [79]. That examination proved the negotiation process could be more effective, and the researchers may have a better understanding of the negotiators' behavior.…”