Trypanocidal Activity of Dysphania ambrosioides, Lippia alba, and Tetradenia riparia Essential Oils against Trypanosoma cruzi

Abstract

Despite the current treatments against Chagas Disease (CD), this vector-borne parasitic disease remains a serious public health concern. In this study, we have explored the in vitro and/or in vivo trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Amaranthaceae) (DA-EO), Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae) (LA-EO), and Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd (Lamiaceae) (TR-EO) grown in Brazil Southeast. DA-EO was the most active against the trypomastigote and amastigote forms in vitro; the IC 50 values were 8.7 and 12.2 μg mL À 1 , respectively. The EOs displayed moderate toxicity against LLCMK2 cells, but the DA-EO showed high selectivity index (SI) for trypomastigote (SI = 33.2) and amastigote (SI = 11.7) forms. Treatment with 20 mg/kg DA-EO, LA-EO, or TR-EO for 20 days by intraperitoneal administration reduced parasitemia by 6.36 %, 4.74 %, and 32.68 % on day 7 and by 12.04 %, 27.96 %, and 65.5 % on day 9. These results indicated that DA-EO, LA-EO, and TR-EO have promising trypanocidal potential in vitro, whereas TR-EO has also potential trypanocidal effects in vivo.

Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of Chrysopogon zizanioides Roots

“…The IC 50 (the inhibitory concentration that inhibited trypomastigote and promastigote viability or intracellular amastigote growth by 50%) and CC 50 (the CZ-EO that was cytotoxic to 50% of the cells) values were calculated by a non-linear regression dose-response inhibition curve. The selective index (SI), which indicates the parasite toxicity as compared to the host, was calculated as the ratio between CC 50 and IC 50 [49]. Data were analyzed by repeated measures of two-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnet's comparison.…”

Evaluation of in vitro Schistosomicidal and Trypanocidal Activity of Leaf Extracts of Hancornia speciosa

“…The antiparasitic activity against T. cruzi was also tested as previously established in the literature (Pagotti et al, 2021a). The T. cruzi Y strain was maintained in vivo in male BALB/c mice and on C2C12 line cells culture (fibroblasts of Mus musculus mice) maintained in RPMI 1640 medium (Cultilab) supplemented with 5% FBS (Cultlab) 10,000 μg mL -1 of penicillin (Cultlab), and 10,000 μg mL -1 of streptomycin (Cultlab) at 37ºC and 5% CO2 with 95% humidity.…”

“…The literature establishes a criterion to indicate the cytotoxic concentrations for natural products, where values lower than 100 g mL -1 are considered strongly cytotoxic, between 100 and 500 g mL -1 are considered moderately cytotoxic, and higher than 500 g mL -1 are considered weakly/non-cytotoxic for mammalian cells (Ríos et al, 2008;Souza et al, 2017). In this sense we evaluated the fraction HS-F1 as moderately cytotoxic against the cells tested, presenting CC50/48h values of 216.8 g mL -1 , exhibiting a considerable difference compared to the reference drug as described in past works (Pagotti et al 2021a). Similar results have been reported…”

Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs and Experimental Chagas Disease: An Unsolved Question

“…The Y strain is a most aggressive strain [23], promoting a rapidly peak of the parasitemia. Also, the parasite load ranged from 5 × 10 2 to 1 × 10 6 , and did not seem to influence the parasitemia peak day, demonstrating that the strain capacity to infect is the most important detail in parasitemia peak day [13, 14].…”