Trypanosoma cruzi: genetic structure of populations and relevance of genetic variability to the pathogenesis of chagas disease

Macedo, Andréa Mara; Machado, Carlos Renato; Oliveira, Riva P.; Pena, Sérgio D.J.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762004000100001

Cited by 257 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…This statement finds support in previous work using LSSP-PCR to identify genespecific sequence polymorphisms and characterize T. cruzi directly from tissues of chagasic patients through specific molecular signatures (Pena et al, 1994;Vago et al, 1996Vago et al, , 2000. The detection of distinct T. cruzi signatures in different organs of the same chagasic patient (Vago et al, 2000) lead to the clonal histotropic model of Chagas disease (Macedo et al, 2004) a fact to be investigated in samples from gingival inflammatory foci of CCP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Trypanosoma cruzi persistence at oral inflammatory foci in chronic chagasic patients

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tThe persistence of Trypanosoma cruzi in seropositive individuals, previously diagnosed as chronic chagasic patients (CCP), was detected for the first time in biopsies taken from gingival inflammatory foci processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven out of 31 (22.5%) gum samples from selected unquestionably CCP showing different degrees of gingival inflammation revealed T. cruzi-DNA using 3 specific PCR assays. All the included CCP had been diagnosed in previous studies carried out over the last 19 years. Samples of inflamed gums were recently taken from the indicated patients at: an outpatient hospital cardiac unit; a village where Chagas disease is endemic; and a specialized diagnostic research center, showing molecular evidence of parasite persistence in 17.6%, 42.8% and 14.3% of them, respectively. The relatively frequent parasite persistence, demonstrated here in oral inflammatory processes of treated and/or untreated patients bearing long term T. cruzi-infection, suggests the establishment of secondary small foci for the maintenance of hidden or inapparent chagasic infection. The easy and low-risk, non-invasive method to get the sample may add the use of gingival biopsy as a potential alternative diagnostic tool to confirm T. cruzi-infection in CCP. The significance of T. cruzi persistence as a primary cause of chronic Chagas disease and the proposal of this mechanism to explain the pathogenesis in CCP are considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Trypanosoma cruzi persistence at oral inflammatory foci in chronic chagasic patients

et al. 2011

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“…In our study, the two human isolates identified were typed as TC IId. Given that T. cruzi natural populations display different tissue tropism in mammalian hosts (Macedo et al, 2004;Burgos et al, 2005Burgos et al, , 2008 we cannot reject the possibility that TC IIe can also cause human infection and disease despite displaying low degrees of parasitemia as determined by xenodiagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of lineages, natural isolates and strains of T. cruzi has been conducted using a plethora of biochemical and molecular markers (Macedo et al, 2004). In Argentina, very few studies have attempted to type the local T. cruzi strains, and parasites have been characterized mainly by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) (Montamat et al, 1987;De Luca d'Oro et al, 1993;Diosque et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of domestic and sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural northwestern Argentina

Cardinal

Lauricella

Ceballos

et al. 2008

International Journal for Parasitology

111

108

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Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi populations and parasite transmission dynamics have been well documented throughout the Americas, but few studies have been conducted in the Gran Chaco ecoregion, one of the most highly endemic areas for Chagas disease, caused by T. cruzi. In this study we assessed the distribution of T. cruzi lineages (identified by PCR strategies) in Triatoma infestans, domestic dogs, cats, humans and sylvatic mammals from two neighboring rural areas with different histories of transmission and vector control in northern Argentina. Lineage II predominated among the 99 isolates characterized and lineage I among the six isolates obtained from sylvatic mammals. Trypanosoma cruzi lineage IIe predominated in domestic habitats; it was found in 87% of 54 isolates from Tr. infestans, in 82% of 33 isolates from dogs, and in the four cats found infected. Domestic and sylvatic cycles overlapped in the study area in the late 1980s, when intense domestic transmission occurred, and still overlap marginally. The introduction of T. cruzi from sylvatic into domestic habitats is likely to occur very rarely in the current epidemiological context. The household distribution of T. cruzi lineages showed that Tr. infestans, dogs and cats from a given house compound shared the same parasite lineage in most cases. Based on molecular evidence, this result lends further support to the importance of dogs and cats as domestic reservoir hosts of T. cruzi. We believe that in Argentina, this is the first time that lineage IIc has been isolated from naturally-infected domestic dogs and Tr. infestans.

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“…En esta fase el parasitismo en tejidos es muy alto y restringido a algunos órganos como corazón, músculo esquelético, hígado, esófago, bazo y recto (5,6). La habilidad del parásito para sobrevivir a la fase aguda y avanzar hacia la fase crónica e invadir determinados órganos depende tanto de factores genéticos del parásito como del hospedero (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Por esto, diversas investigaciones han estudiado la variabilidad genética del parásito y su posible relación con las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad (7).…”

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Caracterización biológica y genética de dos clones pertenecientes a los grupos I y II de Trypanosoma cruzi de Colombia

Botero¹,

Mejía²,

Triana³

2007

biomedica

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Introducción. T. cruzi I y T. cruzi II son grupos genéticamente diferentes y se cree que dicha variabilidad es determinante del tropismo tisular en el hospedero vertebrado y responsable de las diversas manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad de Chagas. Objetivo. Caracterizar biológica y genéticamente dos clones colombianos de los grupos T. cruzi I y II en el modelo murino. Materiales y métodos. Las cepas CAS15 y AF1 pertenecientes a los grupos T. cruzi I y II fueron clonadas en medio semisólido. Un clon de cada una de ellas y una mezcla de ambos se utilizaron para infectar ratones, los cuales se sacrificaron a diferentes tiempos post-infección. Para analizar la presencia del parásito en sangre y diferentes órganos, se utilizaron el microhematocrito y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con los marcadores de la secuencia satélite del ADN nuclear y con el espaciador intergénico del gen mini-exón. Resultados. El clon T. cruzi I fue más infectivo, observándose un tropismo preferencial por corazón, recto y músculo esquelético, mientras que el clon T. cruzi II presentó un tropismo preferencial por bazo e hígado. Durante la infección con la mezcla de los clones, se observó que el clon T. cruzi I predominó sobre el T. cruzi II tanto en sangre como en órganos. Conclusiones. Los resultados confirman que las diferencias genéticas entre los grupos de T. cruzi podrían estar determinando el tropismo tisular y de esta manera jugar un papel fundamental en el entendimiento de las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad de Chagas en Colombia.Palabras claves: Trypanosoma cruzi, enfermedad de Chagas, variación (Genética), tropismo. Biological and genetic characterization of two Colombian clones of Trypanosoma cruzi groups I and IIIntroduction. Genetic differences between T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II may determine differences in their tissue tropism in the vertebrate host and may also be responsible for the differences in clinical manifestations of Chagas disease. Objective. Two Colombian clones of the T. cruzi groups I and II were characterized biologically and genetically in a murine model. Materials and methods. Strains Cas15 and AF1 belonging to the T. cruzi groups I and II were cloned in semisolid medium. A clone of each strain and a mix of both were used to infect mice; the mice were subsequently sacrificed at selected post-infection intervals. In order to identify the parasite presence in blood and organs, two methods were used (a) microhematocrit and (b) polymerase chain reaction with primers for satellite DNA and the intergenic region of miniexon. Results. The T. cruzi I clone was more infectious, with a preferential tropism observed in heart, rectum and skeletal muscle, whereas clone T. cruzi II exhibited a preferential tropism for spleen and liver. During the infection with the clone mixture a predominance of the T. cruzi I clone over clone II in blood as well as in organs was observed. Conclusion. The results corroborate that the genetic differences between the T. cruzi groups correlate with their tissue tropism, an...

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Trypanosoma cruzi: genetic structure of populations and relevance of genetic variability to the pathogenesis of chagas disease

Cited by 257 publications

References 95 publications

Trypanosoma cruzi persistence at oral inflammatory foci in chronic chagasic patients

Trypanosoma cruzi persistence at oral inflammatory foci in chronic chagasic patients

Molecular epidemiology of domestic and sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural northwestern Argentina

Caracterización biológica y genética de dos clones pertenecientes a los grupos I y II de Trypanosoma cruzi de Colombia

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