Trypanozoma equiperdum bij het paard – een onbekende bedreiging?

Ahmed, Yahaya Ali; Hagos, Abay; Merga, Bedasa Taye; Soom, Ann Van; Duchateau, Luc; Goddeeris, Bruno; Govaere, Jan

doi:10.21825/vdt.v87i2.16083

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Infections of horses with T. cruzi are very rare and are not further considered here [1]. Historically, the diseases caused by these trypanosomes are called “surra” ( T. evansi ), “dourine” ( T. equiperdum ) and “nagana” ( T. brucei , T. congolense and T. vivax ) but careful examination of published and unpublished data reveals that for all these three diseases, the clinical signs observed, including ventral oedema, emaciation, anaemia and neurological symptoms, can be very similar and are certainly not pathognomonic [2–7].…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Equine trypanosomosis is a complex of infectious diseases called dourine, nagana and surra. It is caused by several species of the genus Trypanosoma that are transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies, mechanically by other haematophagous flies, or sexually. Trypanosoma congolense (subgenus Nannomonas ) and T. vivax (subgenus Dutonella ) are genetically and morphologically distinct from T. brucei , T. equiperdum and T. evansi (subgenus Trypanozoon ). It remains controversial whether the three latter taxa should be considered distinct species. Recent outbreaks of surra and dourine in Europe illustrate the risk and consequences of importation of equine trypanosomosis with infected animals into non-endemic countries. Knowledge on the epidemiological situation is fragmentary since many endemic countries do not report the diseases to the World Organisation for Animal Health, OIE. Other major obstacles to the control of equine trypanosomosis are the lack of vaccines, the inability of drugs to cure the neurological stage of the disease, the inconsistent case definition and the limitations of current diagnostics. Especially in view of the ever-increasing movement of horses around the globe, there is not only the obvious need for reliable curative and prophylactic drugs but also for accurate diagnostic tests and algorithms. Unfortunately, clinical signs are not pathognomonic, parasitological tests are not sufficiently sensitive, serological tests miss sensitivity or specificity, and molecular tests cannot distinguish the taxa within the Trypanozoon subgenus. To address the limitations of the current diagnostics for equine trypanosomosis, we recommend studies into improved molecular and serological tests with the highest possible sensitivity and specificity. We realise that this is an ambitious goal, but it is dictated by needs at the point of care. However, depending on available treatment options, it may not always be necessary to identify which trypanosome taxon is responsible for a given infection.

show abstract

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…T. equiperdum strain, provided by Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South Africa (OVI T. equiperdum ), was produced in rats according to the World Organisation for Animal Health (2018) 3 , and stored at − 80 °C until use. Nine rabbits were infected intrascrotally 2 , 15 with cryopreserved T. equiperdum in order to amplify the parasite and to adapt it to the rabbit. When a marked scrotal edema appeared, rabbits were sacrificed; then the scrotum of each rabbit was removed and the edematous material was taken, homogenized and diluted in 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.5 (PBS), to get 10 4 live trypanosomes/ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average mortality in horses is about 50%; donkeys and mules are more resistant and may remain unapparent carriers. To date, infected equids are the only known reservoir of the parasite 2,3 . No vaccines for dourine are available and pharmaceutical therapy is not recommended; the eradication strategy currently applied imposes slaughtering of seropositive animals 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immune response and delayed-type hypersensitivity in rabbits infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum

Febo

Krasteva

Bonfini

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trypanosoma equiperdum is the causative agent of dourine, a parasitic venereal disease of equids. In this work, rabbits were infected with T. equiperdum strain OVI; serological tests (complement fixation test, ELISA and immunoblotting), used for the diagnosis of dourine in horses, were applied to study rabbit humoral immune response and to characterise T. equiperdum antigen pattern recognised by antibodies from infected rabbits. Moreover a protein extract of T. equiperdum strain OVI was produced and tested in skin tests on infected rabbits to detect the cell-mediated response induced by T. equiperdum, in order to evaluate its use in the field diagnosis of dourine. Sera of infected rabbits recognized in immunoblotting Trypanosoma protein bands with molecular weight below 37 kDa, providing a serological response comparable with that already observed in dourine infected horses. Moreover the trypanosome protein extract was capable to produce in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity (DHT Type IV) in rabbits and proved itself to be non-toxic and non-sensitizing.

show abstract

“…Testicular damage and clinical manifestation have been described [301], and sexual transmission has been very occasionally observed [302]. Trypanosoma equiperdum, responsible for dourine, is a sexually transmitted disease of Equidae [303][304][305]. A loss of fertility is observed in infected animals and is associated with the detection of parasites in semen [306,307].…”

Section: Genital Organs: Semen/vulvular Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sereno

Akhoundi

Sayehmri

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unicellular eukaryotes of the Trypanosomatidae family include human and animal pathogens that belong to the Trypanosoma and Leishmania genera. Diagnosis of the diseases they cause requires the sampling of body fluids (e.g., blood, lymph, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid) or organ biopsies (e.g., bone marrow, spleen), which are mostly obtained through invasive methods. Body fluids or appendages can be alternatives to these invasive biopsies but appropriateness remains poorly studied. To further address this question, we perform a systematic review on clues evidencing the presence of parasites, genetic material, antibodies, and antigens in body secretions, appendages, or the organs or proximal tissues that produce these materials. Paper selection was based on searches in PubMed, Web of Science, WorldWideScience, SciELO, Embase, and Google. The information of each selected article (n = 333) was classified into different sections and data were extracted from 77 papers. The presence of Trypanosomatidae parasites has been tracked in most of organs or proximal tissues that produce body secretions or appendages, in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. The meta-analysis highlights the paucity of studies on human African trypanosomiasis and an absence on animal trypanosomiasis. Among the collected data high heterogeneity in terms of the I 2 statistic (100%) is recorded. A high positivity is recorded for antibody and genetic material detection in urine of patients and dogs suffering leishmaniasis, and of antigens for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Data on conjunctival swabs can be analyzed with molecular methods solely for dogs suffering canine visceral leishmaniasis. Saliva and hair/bristles showed a pretty good positivity that support their potential to be used for leishmaniasis diagnosis. In conclusion, our study pinpoints significant gaps that need to be filled in order to properly address the interest of body secretion and hair or bristles for the diagnosis of infections caused by Leishmania and by other Trypanosomatidae parasites.

show abstract

Trypanozoma equiperdum bij het paard – een onbekende bedreiging?

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges

Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges

Humoral immune response and delayed-type hypersensitivity in rabbits infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About