Tryptamine in Zinc-Deficient Barley

Takaki, Hiroshi; Arita, Shigeaki

doi:10.1080/00380768.1986.10557523

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, free-tryptophan which has been determined in our experiment is more important than the total tryptophan as far as the biosynthesis of IAA is concerned. The results obtained in the previous experiment by Takaki and Kushizaki (1972) showed that zinc nutrition did not affect the amount of total tryptophan in corn plants, whereas, the free-tryptophan content increased as the level of zinc supply decreased. The amount of free-tryptophan detected howeyer, was very small relative to the amount of total tryptophan.…”

Section: Free-tryptophanmentioning

confidence: 79%

Free-tryptophan and indoleacetic acid in zinc-deficient radish shoots

Domingo

Nagatomo

Tamai

et al. 1992

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Section: Free-tryptophanmentioning

confidence: 79%

Free-tryptophan and indoleacetic acid in zinc-deficient radish shoots

Domingo

Nagatomo

Tamai

et al. 1992

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…Tryptamine has been isolated and identified in tomato, corn, tobacco, and barley (Smith, 1977). Although an accumulation of tryptamine has been demonstrated in zinc‐deficient barley and maize plants (Takaki and Arita, 1986; Takaki and Kushizaki, 1970) and in a transgenic tobacco plant expressing TDC (Songstad et al ., 1990), lesion formation in these plants has not been reported. This may reflect that tryptamine accumulation alone may not be sufficient to cause cell death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we isolated the indole alkaloid tryptamine from Sekiguchi lesion as a possible factor in light‐enhanced resistance in the rice sl ‐mutant (Arase et al ., 2001). An accumulation of tryptamine was demonstrated in zinc‐deficient barley and maize plants (Takaki and Arita, 1986; Takaki and Kushizaki, 1970) and in a transgenic tobacco plant expressing tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC; Songstad et al ., 1990). It has been suggested that tryptamine is a possible precursor for indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities induce Sekiguchi lesion formation in rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea

et al. 2003

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SummarySekiguchi lesion (sl)-mutant rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea showed increased light-dependent tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities. TDC and MAO activities were observed before the penetration of M. grisea to rice cells and maintained high levels even after Sekiguchi lesion formation. Light-dependent expression of TDC gene was observed in leaves inoculated with M. grisea before Sekiguchi lesion formation. Spore germination¯uid (SGF) of M. grisea also induced Sekiguchi lesion formation accompanied by increased enzymes activities and tryptamine accumulation. Sekiguchi lesion was also induced by treatments with tryptamine and b-phenylethylamine, which are substrates for MAO, but was not induced by non-substrates such as indole-3-propionic acid, (AE)-phenylethylamine and tryptophan under light. Light-dependent induction of Sekiguchi lesion by tryptamine was signi®cantly inhibited in the presence of MAO inhibitors, metalaxyl and semicarbazide, and H 2 O 2 -scavengers, ascorbic acid and catalase. H 2 O 2 in M. grisea-infected leaves with and without Sekiguchi lesions was demonstrated directly in situ by strong 3,3 H -diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. On the other hand, H 2 O 2 induced Sekiguchi lesions on leaves of cv. Sekiguchi-asahi under light, but not in darkness. This difference was associated with the decrease of catalase activity in infected leaves under light and the absence of decrease in darkness. We hypothesize that the H 2 O 2 -induced breakdown of cellular organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria in mesophyll cells may cause high TDC and MAO activities and the development of Sekiguchi lesion, and that the sl gene products in wild-type rice may function as a suppressor of organelle breakdown caused by chemical or environmental stress.

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Effect of shading on zinc deficiency symptoms in rice plant

Obata

Shimoyama

Umebayashi

1997

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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933Under Zn deficiency, some major deficiency symptoms were observed on rice plants, i.e., reduction of young leaf elongation and development of necrosis on the expanded leaves. To clarify the former phenomena, the physiological role of Zn was studied from the standpoint of protein synthesis (Kitagishi and Obata 1986;Obata et al. 1994Obata et al. , 1996 and metabolism of auxin (Takaki and Arita 1986;Domingo et al. 1992). In contrast, the direct cause of the latter phenomenon has not yet been studied. Vaughan et al. (1982) showed that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was depressed under Zn deficiency in fronds of Lemna gibba. Cakmak and Marshner (1988) revealed that under Zn deficiency, the activities of SOD and catalase were depressed in cotton, beans, and tomatoes and the deficient plants accumulated superoxide radical (0 2 -) in their roots. O 2 -is known to cause severe peroxidative damage to various cellular components, i.e., membrane fatty acids, proteins, and chlorophyll (Elstner 1982). Based on these data, it is assumed that O 2 -accumulated under Zn deficiency may induce deficiency symptoms in rice plants. Kitagishi and Obata (1986) revealed that the concentration of protein decreased and that of free amides and amino acids increased by Zn deficiency in the meristem tissues of rice plant. In this paper, as the first step to analyze the effect of Zn deficiency from the standpoint of photo-oxidation, the effect of shading on clinical symptoms and protein concentration in the meristem tissues of rice plants under Zn deficiency was determined. Materials and methodsRice plants, Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari were germinated on a plastic net. After 14 d, on May 30, the plants were transferred to styrene foam square holders and cultured in a glass house under natural light conditions with a Kimura B solution for rice culture supplemented with Fe 5 as Fe 2 0 3 , Mn 0.25, Cu 0.01, B 0.2, and Mo 0.01 mg L -1 with (+ Zn) and without (~Zn) the addition of Zn 0.025 mg L -1. The initial pH was 5.4 and each solution was renewed once a week. Immediately after the zinc deficiency symptoms, consisting of a reduction of plant height, were observed in the ~Zn plot, on June 15, some pots with and without Zn were shaded using a double layer of cheese cloth to decrease the sunlight intensity to 65% of the full strength.Rice shoots were harvested 7 d after shading and were separated into leaf blades and leaf sheaths that enclosed all the younger parts of the shoot. The emerging leaf was sampled after stripping the leaf sheaths manually and 10 mm pieces from the base of the emerging leaf were

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Tryptamine in Zinc-Deficient Barley

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Free-tryptophan and indoleacetic acid in zinc-deficient radish shoots

Free-tryptophan and indoleacetic acid in zinc-deficient radish shoots

Increased tryptophan decarboxylase and monoamine oxidase activities induce Sekiguchi lesion formation in rice infected with Magnaporthe grisea

Effect of shading on zinc deficiency symptoms in rice plant

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