Tryptophan therapy for non‐ketotic hyperglycinaemia

Inoue, Fumio; Matsuo, Seiichiro; Yoshioka, Hiroshi; Takeuchi, Yoshihiro; Yamanaka, H.; Kodo, Naoki; Kinugasa, Akihiko; Sawada, Tadashi

doi:10.1007/bf02435987

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Gly is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the hindbrain and the spinal cord 45 . Increased Gly level in cerebrospinal fluid caused severe hyperkinesia in humans 46 . Thus, these results implicate that increased Gly levels in the progressive stage of neosporosis might cause hind limb paralysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in neurotransmitter levels and expression of immediate early genes in brain of mice infected with Neospora caninum

Ihara

Nishimura

Muroi

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes neurological disorders in dogs and cattle. The majority of host animals are asymptomatic at the chronic stage of infection. However, it remains unclear whether cerebral function is normal in asymptomatic animals. In this study, mice were infected with N. caninum (strain Nc-1) and their brains were examined to understand changes in cerebral function at the chronic stage of infection. Mice infected with N. caninum showed impaired locomotor activity, but no differences in clinical symptoms were observed. In the brains of infected mice, parasites were distributed throughout the brain and histological lesions were observed everywhere except for the cerebellum. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, were highly upregulated in several brain regions of infected mice. Additionally, the level of neurotransmitters glutamate, glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, were altered in infected mice compared with those of uninfected mice. Interestingly, the expression levels of immediately early genes, c-Fos and Arc, in the brain of infected mice were lower than those of in uninfected mice. Our findings may provide insight into neurological disorders associated with N. caninum infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%