Tsetse diversity and abundance in Southern Burkina Faso in relation with the vegetation

Abstract

The increase of human population, combined with climatic changes, contributed to the modification of spatial distribution of tsetse flies, main vector of trypanosomiasis. In order to establish and compare tsetse presence and their relationship with vegetation, entomological survey was performed using biconical traps deployed in transects, simultaneously with phyto-sociological study, on the Comoe river at its source in the village of Moussodougou, and in the semi-protected area of Folonzo, both localities in Southern Burkina Faso. In Folonzo, the survey revealed a diversity of tsetse with 4 species occurring with apparent densities as follows: Glossina tachinoides (8.9 tsetse/trap/day); G. morsitans submorsitans (1.8 tsetse/trap/day); G. palpalis gambiensis (0.6/trap/day) and G. medicorum (0.15 tsetse/trap/day). In Moussodougou, a highly anthropized area, mainly G. p. gambiensis was caught (2.06 tsetse/trap/day), and rarely G. tachinoides. The phyto-sociological study allowed discrimination of 6 types of vegetation in both localities, with 3 concordances that are riparian forest, shrubby and woody savannah. In Moussodougou, all tsetse were caught in the riparian forest. That was also the case in Folonzo where a great proportion (95 to 99 % following the season) of G. p. gambiensis and G. tachinoides were caught in the gallery, while G. m. submorsitans was occurring as well in the gallery as in the savannah, and G. medicorum in the forest gallery. This study showed that although G. tachinoides and G.p. gambiensis are both riparian, they do not have the same preference in terms of biotope.

Evaluation of the Re-emergence Risk of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Southwestern Burkina Faso, A Gold-Bearing Mutation Area

“…However, an animal origin could also be suspected due to the massive cattle transhumance between the Ivorian foci and the Banfora area that is still tsetse infested [5]. This last case confirmed that there is still a risk of HAT re-emergence in areas where the vector persists in Burkina Faso, mainly in the southwestern part of the country [3,8,9]. This justified the implementation of HAT passive surveillance in this area [5].…”

Variations in attack behaviours betweenGlossina palpalis gambiensisandG.tachinoidesin a gallery forest suggest host specificity

“…Studies on the vegetation composition showed that the riparian forest (gallery) was conserved along the riverbank. The most important species in the riparian forest in terms of abundance were: Dialium guineense , Syzygium guineense , Manilkara multinervis , Morelia senegalensis , Cola laurifolia, Berlinia grandiflora and Mitragyna inermis (Rayaisse et al ., ). Glossina tachinoides coexists in sympatry with G. palpalis gambiensis (Amsler et al ., ; Rayaissé et al ., ).…”

A Spatio-temporal Model of African Animal Trypanosomosis Risk

“…The last dataset from Burkina Faso are from a recent study in the southern party of the country where entomological surveys were conducted in Moussodougou and Folonzo [ 24 ]. In these surveys, 25 traps were deployed in each site for 5 days during the rainy and dry seasons 2011–2012.…”