Tsunami deposits in the geological record

Dawson, Alastair; Stewart, Iain S.

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.002

Cited by 293 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…12b, c), in some cases several hundred of meters inland, overlying organic fine deposits in lagoons and estuaries. The 2010 deposits are similar to tsunami deposits as sand layers within peat and mud sediments in coastal environments as tidal marshes, back-barrier marshes and lagoons reported in other subduction margins (Dawson and Stewart, 2007;Peters et al, 2007). Additionally, we observed increased frequency of boulders in the intertidal and supralittoral zones at the western coast of the littoral bar at Puerto Saavedra, with respect to the situation before the tsunami, according to witnesses reports (Fig.…”

Section: Tsunami Heights and Coastal Impactsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…11c). The latter is comparable to the presence of large boulders left in intertidal and suppralittoral zones by historic tsunamis in other coastal areas as summarized by Dawson and Stewart (2007). These deposits resulted from onshore transport of material during run-up, analogue to present and past examples (Dawson and Stewart, 2007).…”

Section: Tsunami Heights and Coastal Impactsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Levantamiento cosismico e impacto del tsunami a lo largo de la costa de Chile central asociado al terremoto del Maule Mw8,8 de 2010.

Vargas¹,

Farías²,

Carretier³

et al. 2011

Andgeo

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ABSTrACT. On February 27, 2010 at 03:34:08 AM an Mw8.8 earthquake, with epicenter located off Cobquecura (73.24°W; 36.29°S), severely hit Central Chile. The tsunami waves that followed this event affected the coastal regions between the cities of Valparaíso and Valdivia, with minor effects as far as Coquimbo. The earthquake occurred along the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South American plate. Coseismic coastal uplift was estimated through observations of bleached lithothamnioids crustose coralline algae, which were exposed after the mainshock between 34.13°S and 38.34°S, suggesting the latitudinal distribution of the earthquake rupture. The measured coastal uplift values varied between 240±20 cm at sites closer to the trench along the western coast of the Arauco peninsula and 15±10 cm at sites located farther east. A maximum value of 260±50 cm was observed at the western coast of Santa María Island, which is similar to the reported uplift associated with the 1835 earthquake at Concepción. Land subsidence values on the order of 0.5 m to 1 m evidenced a change in polarity and position of the coseismic hinge at 110-120 km from the trench. In four sites along the coast we observed a close match between coastal uplift values deduced from bleached lithothamnioids algae and GPS measurements. According to field observations tsunami heights reached ca. 14 m in the coastal area of the Maule Region immediately north of the epicenter, and diminished progressively northwards to 4-2 m near Valparaíso. Along the coast of Cobquecura, tsunami height values were inferior to 2-4 m. More variable tsunami heights of 6-8 m were measured at Dichato-Talcahuano and Tirúa-Puerto Saavedra, in the Biobío and Arauco regions, respectively, to the south of the epicenter. According to eyewitnesses, the tsunami reached the coast between 12 to 20 and 30 to 45 minutes in areas located closer and faraway from the earthquake rupture zone, respectively. Destructive tsunami waves arrived also between 2.5 and 4.5 hours after the mainshock, especially along the coast of the Biobío and Arauco regions. The tsunami effects were highly variable along the coast, as a result of geomorphological and bathymetric local conditions, besides potential complexities induced by the main shock. ; 36,29°S), afectó severamente la zona centrosur de Chile. Posteriormente un tsunami afectó las costas comprendidas entre las regiones de Valdivia y Valparaíso, con efectos menores en la costa de Coquimbo. El terremoto ocurrió a lo largo de la subducción de la placa tectónica de Nazca bajo la placa Sudamericana. Se estimó el levantamiento cosísmico de la costa a partir de observaciones de la franja de algas coralina lithothamnioideas, expuesta como producto del terremoto. Evidencias de deformación vertical se observaron entre los 34,13°S y 38,34°S, sugiriendo la extensión latitudinal de la ruptura sísmica del evento principal. El levantamiento costero observado varió entre 240±20 cm, en la costa occidental de la península de Arauco, ubicada relativamente má...

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Section: Tsunami Heights and Coastal Impactsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Tsunami Heights and Coastal Impactsupporting

confidence: 58%

Levantamiento cosismico e impacto del tsunami a lo largo de la costa de Chile central asociado al terremoto del Maule Mw8,8 de 2010.

Vargas¹,

Farías²,

Carretier³

et al. 2011

Andgeo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, mud and sand clasts (facies B) were previously used to discriminate storm and tsunami deposits (e.g., Morton et al, 2007;Phantuwongraj and Choowong, 2012), as were terrestrial components and anthropogenic artifacts. The backwash transports a variety of material from the hinterland towards offshore, and the high-density backwash flows support the formation of clasts (Dawson and Stewart, 2007;Morton et al, 2007;Shanmugam, 2011;Ramírez-Herrera et al, 2012). In contrast, erosion during storms is focused on the shoreface and the beach (Snedden et al, 1988;Allison et al, 2005); thus, clasts and terrestrial material are expected to appear less frequently within storm deposits.…”

Section: Comparison Of Tsunami Storm and Flash-flood Faciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Sakuna-Schwartz

Feldens

Schwarzer

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tsunami, storm and flash-flood event layers, which have been deposited over the last century on the shelf offshore Khao Lak (Thailand, Andaman Sea), are identified in sediment cores based on sedimentary structures, grain size compositions, Ti / Ca ratios and 210 Pb activity. Individual offshore tsunami deposits are 12 to 30 cm in thickness and originate from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. They are characterized by (1) the appearance of sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris and (2) the appearance of mud and sand clasts. Storm deposits found in core depths between 5 and 82 cm could be attributed to recent storm events by using 210 Pb profiles in conjunction with historical data of typhoons and tropical storms. Massive sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris characterize storm deposits. The last classified type of event layer represents reworked flash-flood deposits, which are characterized by a fining-upward sequence of muddy sediment. The most distinct difference between storm and tsunami deposits is the lack of mud and sand clasts, mud content and terrigenous material within storm deposits. Terrigenous material transported offshore during the tsunami backwash is therefore an important indicator to distinguish between storm and tsunami deposits in offshore environments.

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“…This is mainly caused by their vulnerability to erosion (particularly those deposited onshore; e.g. Dawson and Stewart 2007), and by their susceptibility to early diagenetic changes that overprinted the original sedimentary features (Szczuciński et al 2006. Lists of sedimentary features characteristic of palaeotsunami deposits have been presented by some authors (e.g.…”

Section: Tsunami Interpretation Of Stromato-poroid Beds and Flat-pebbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent studies on the Silurian of the western part of Ukraine

Łuczyński

Skompski²,

Kozłowski³

2016

Acta Geologica Polonica

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ABSTRACT:Łuczyński, P., Skompski, S. and Kozłowski, W. 2016. Recent studies on the Silurian of the western part of Ukraine. Acta Geologica Polonica, 66 (3), 281-297. Warszawa.The paper summarises the effects of recent studies carried out by a team from the Department of Historical and Regional Geology of the Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw on the upper Silurian of Podolia (western part of Ukraine).The sedimentary history of the Silurian succession of Podolia is characterised by its cyclic pattern, with shallowing-upward cyclothems. In the traditional interpretation, the occurrence of stromatoporoid beds within each cyclothem marks the deepest (or most open-marine) sedimentary environment within the cycle. According to the results of recent studies, their occurrence is connected rather with a relatively shallow-water environment and with high energy phenomena. A substantial reinterpretation of the main sedimentary processes governing the deposition and facies distribution on the shelf is presented. Particularly, there are recognised and described high-energy sedimentary events repeatedly punctuating the generally calm sedimentation that prevailed in the lagoonal settings, some of which are interpreted as tsunami induced.Further perspectives for studies on the Silurian successions of Podolia are also discussed. The main problem is the precise correlation of particular sections that are scattered over vast distances and developed in similar facies associations.

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Tsunami deposits in the geological record

Cited by 293 publications

References 109 publications

Levantamiento cosismico e impacto del tsunami a lo largo de la costa de Chile central asociado al terremoto del Maule Mw8,8 de 2010.

Levantamiento cosismico e impacto del tsunami a lo largo de la costa de Chile central asociado al terremoto del Maule Mw8,8 de 2010.

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Recent studies on the Silurian of the western part of Ukraine

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