Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska

Nelson, Alan R.; Briggs, Richard W.; Dura, Tina; Engelhart, Simon E.; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Bradley, Lee‐Ann; Forman, Steven L.; Vane, Christopher H.; Kelley, K. A.

doi:10.1130/ges01108.1

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…(Nelson et al, 1996) and these additional ones (Alam et al, 2012;Atwater et al, 2005;Atwater et al, 2001;Bender et al, 2015;Carver and Plafker, 2008;Chagué-Goff et al, 2011;Dura et al, 2015;Dura et al, 2016;Dura et al, 2011;Engel and Brückner, 2011;Engelhart et al, 2013;Garrett et al, 2013;Goff et al, 2011a;Grand Pre et al, 2012;Kelsey et al, 2002;Martin and Bourgeois, 2012;McCalpin and Carver, 2009;Morton et al, 2007;Nelson et al, 2015;Nelson et al, 2006;Obermeier and Dickenson, 2000;Pilarczyk et al, 2014;Shennan, 2009;Shennan et al, 2014a;Shennan et al, 2014c;Walsh et al, 1995;Witter et al, 2003;Yamaguchi et al, 1997) parameters and deformation estimates from Nicolsky et al (2013, which Liquefaction Concurrent with Emergence Sand dikes and sills seen in outcrop or subsurface sampling using pits or a sediment slicer Sand dikes and sills seen in outcrop or subsurface sampling using pits or a sediment slicer In cores, difficult to differentiate from possible tsunami deposit Table Footnote: Inferences are made from evidence and comments are about evidence. Papers evaluated include those cited in the original version (Nelson et al, 1996) and these additional ones (Alam et al, 2012;Atwater et al, 2005;Atwater et al, 2001;Bender et al, 2015;Carver and Plafker, 2008;…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newly applied analytical methods include stable carbon isotope and geochemical proxies Dura et al, 2011;Engelhart et al, 2013;Hawkes et al, 2011;Witter et al, 2016). The last decade has also seen a lot written on identifying sediments deposited by tsunami (Alam et al, 2012;Chagué-Goff et al, 2011;Dura et al, 2015;Engel and Brückner, 2011;Garrett et al, 2013;Goff et al, 2011a;Goff et al, 2011b;Goto et al, 2011;Grand Pre et al, 2012;Kortekaas and Dawson, 2007;Morton et al, 2007;Nelson et al, 2015;Okal et al, 2011;Pilarczyk et al, 2014;Shanmugam, 2012;Witter et al, 2016).…”

Section: Identifying Coseismic Subsidence and Uplift In Tidal-wetlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the careful consideration of what constraint each sample age places on an inferred earthquake, such as a minimum limiting age above a contact or a maximum limiting age from below a contact, remains unaltered, Bayesian age modelling provides a range of options by which to assess age correlation and intervals between inferred earthquakes (Berryman et al, 2012;Bronk Ramsey, 2008Clark et al, 2015;DuRoss et al, 2011;Kelsey et al, 2015;Lienkaemper and Bronk Ramsey, 2009;Nelson et al, 2015;Shennan et al, 2014a;Shennan et al, 2014c;Witter et al, 2016).…”

Section: Additions To Assessing the Age Of The Earthquake And Synchromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection limits of tidal-wetland sequences to identify variable rupture modes of megathrust earthquakes

Shennan

Garrett

Barlow

2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. earthquakes. We conclude that coastal paleoseismological studies benefit from a methodological framework that employs rigorous evaluation of five essential criteria and a sixth which may be very robust but only occur at some sites: 1 -lateral extent of peat-mud or mud-peat couplets with sharp contacts; 2 -suddenness of submergence or emergence, and replicated within each site; 3 -amount of vertical motion, quantified with 95% error terms and replicated within each site; 4 -syncroneity of submergence and emergence based on statistical age modelling; 5 -spatial pattern of submergence and emergence; 6 -possible additional evidence, such as evidence of a tsunami or liquefaction concurrent with submergence or emergence. We suggest that it is possible to consider detection limits as low as 0.1 to 0.2 m coseismic vertical change. Introduction and structure of the paperCoastal paleoseismology provides critical information that helps to improve understanding and modelling of seismic hazards, including associated tsunami, at all major subduction zones. Key contributions to practical earthquake hazard assessment include the identification of great (magnitude 8 or 9) earthquakes during the Holocene where there is no historical record (Atwater, 1987); earthquakes of substantially greater magnitude than directly observed (Minoura et al., 2001;Sawai et al., 2008); estimating recurrence intervals of great earthquakes (Atwater and HemphillHaley, 1997;Nelson et al., 1995); and defining different patterns of rupture along a subduction zone (Cisternas et al., 2005;Kelsey et al., 2002;Nelson et al., 2006;Sawai et al., 2004). Since publication of the seminal paper (Atwater, 1987), and widespread adoption of well-tested field and analytical methods (e.g. Atwater and Hemphill-Haley, 1997;Hayward et al., 2006;Kelsey, 2015;Nelson, 2015;Nelson et al., 1996;Witter, 2015) debate moved on to questions critical for hazard assessment, emergency planning and international building code design (Mueller et al., 2015;Wesson et al., 2007). Key questions include the extent of past great earthquake ruptures (a proxy for magnitude), the identification of the boundaries between rupture segments, the persistence of these boundaries over multiple earthquake cycles, recurrence intervals of great earthquakes in each segment, the role of aseismic slip, and whether segments of plate boundaries that are currently creeping can generate great earthquakes Goldfinger et al., 2012;Hayward et al., 2015;Kelsey et al., 2015;Mueller...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identifying Coseismic Subsidence and Uplift In Tidal-wetlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Additions To Assessing the Age Of The Earthquake And Synchromentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection limits of tidal-wetland sequences to identify variable rupture modes of megathrust earthquakes

Shennan

Garrett

Barlow

2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…Paleotsunami research based on coastal geological records is a useful approach to the detection of high-magnitude, low-frequency tsunami events along subduction zones (e.g., Atwater 1987;Minoura et al 2001;Nanayama et al 2003;Cisternas et al 2005;Monecke et al 2008;Shishikura et al 2010;Ishimura and Miyauchi 2015;Nelson et al 2015;Kitamura 2016;Inoue et al 2017). Although previous paleotsunami research along the Ryukyu Trench has examined coralline boulders (herein, "tsunami boulders") (Kawana and Nakata 1994;Goto et al 2010;Araoka et al 2013), Ando et al (2018) recently identified three sandy tsunami deposits (T-I, T-II, and T-IV) and a layer of buried tsunami boulders (T-III) in a trench on Ishigaki Island (Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using molluscan assemblages from paleotsunami deposits to evaluate the influence of topography on the magnitude of late Holocene mega-tsunamis on Ishigaki Island, Japan

Kitamura

Ito

Ikuta

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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Four ancient tsunami deposits were identified in a trench excavated on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan. Three of the tsunami deposits (T-I, T-II, and T-IV) consist of calcareous sand beds, whereas the other (T-III, located stratigraphically between T-II and T-IV) consists of boulders. Deposit T-I was caused by a tsunami in 1771.14 C dating, together with the elevations of the landward margins of these sandy tsunami deposits, suggests that tsunamis II and IV were similar in size to the 1771 tsunami, although the influence of local topographic features on the magnitudes of tsunamis has not yet been examined. This study reconstructs the local topographic features by comparing the molluscan assemblages incorporated within the tsunami deposits with those in recent beach deposits. The presence of species that inhabit the intertidal zone in lagoonal settings in all the assemblages indicates that the present-day shallow lagoon has been present off the study area since the occurrence of tsunami T-IV, which supports the previous hypothesis that the magnitudes of the 1771 tsunami and tsunamis II and IV were similar. These molluscan assemblages also suggest that a high relative abundance of large, heavy mollusc shells is a feature of the paleotsunami deposits in the coastal lowlands found along the shallow coral lagoons.

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“…Also, recent research has begun to address the paleo-tsunami record around the Pacific Ocean, with more studies needed (cf. Nelson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Quaternary Tectonic Framework and Seismic Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Views on grand research challenges for Quaternary geology, geomorphology and environments

Forman

Stinchcomb

2015

Front. Earth Sci.

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Tsunami recurrence in the eastern Alaska-Aleutian arc: A Holocene stratigraphic record from Chirikof Island, Alaska

Cited by 49 publications

References 131 publications

Detection limits of tidal-wetland sequences to identify variable rupture modes of megathrust earthquakes

Detection limits of tidal-wetland sequences to identify variable rupture modes of megathrust earthquakes

Using molluscan assemblages from paleotsunami deposits to evaluate the influence of topography on the magnitude of late Holocene mega-tsunamis on Ishigaki Island, Japan

Views on grand research challenges for Quaternary geology, geomorphology and environments

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