Tsunamis generated by landslides at the coast of conical islands: experimental benchmark dataset for mathematical model validation

Abstract

This paper presents a new experimental campaign aimed at reproducing tsunamis generated by landslides at the flank of conical islands. In order to describe in high details the wave field around the island a special acquisition system, which consists of both fixed and movable wave gauges, has been employed. Indeed, each experiment has been repeated several times by changing the configuration of the movable gauges, then obtaining a single virtual experiment with high spatial resolution measurements. Fixed run-up gauges measure the waves at fixed locations to statistically quantify the repeatability of the experiments. Selected experimental results are illustrated within the paper that is mainly aimed at defining a benchmark dataset, available on request, for the development/calibration/validation of analytical and numerical models of tsunamis generated by landslides

Runup of granular landslide‐generated tsunamis on planar coasts and conical islands

“…The maximum runup and rundown heights decay as the radial distance from the source increases and a localized amplification occurs on the lee side of the conical island scenario. Similar results were observed using block landslides by Lynett and Liu [2005], Di Risio et al [2009a,2009b], Romano et al [2013Romano et al [ , 2016, and Heller and Spinneken [2015]. Generally the maximum rundown in the impact region is larger than the runup given the large water level drawdown caused by the landslide impact.…”

“…[], Romano et al . [], and Heller and Spinneken []. Generally the maximum rundown in the impact region is larger than the runup given the large water level drawdown caused by the landslide impact.…”

“…[] and Romano et al . [] used a block slide emplaced on the coast of a conical island to study the lateral wave propagation and lee side runup and rundown amplification. A similar runup amplification on the lee side of the island was observed in the present study.…”

“…Both wave propagation components have runup hazards associated with them. The trapped laterally propagating edge waves on planar and curvilinear conical hill slopes have been studied analytically [Eckart, 1951;Ursell, 1952;Longuet-Higgins, 1967;Lautenbacher, 1970;Smith and Sprinks, 1975;Sammarco and Renzi, 2008;Sammarco, 2010, 2012;Seo and Liu, 2013;Renzi and Sammarco, 2016], with numerical models [Okal and Synolakis, 2004;Lynett and Liu, 2005;Enet and Grilli, 2007], and with physical models [Chang, 1995;Liu and Yeh, 1996;Liu et al, 1998Liu et al, , 2005Lynett and Liu, 2005;Enet and Grilli, 2007;Di Risio et al, 2009a,2009bMohammed andFritz, 2012, 2013;Heller and Spinneken, 2015;Romano et al, 2016].…”

The Maximum Height and Attenuation of Impulse Waves Generated by Subaerial Landslides

“…Ataie-Ashtiani and Malek-Mohammadi [14] analyzed the wave period, height, and energy of the surge and developed an empirical equation for the period and height of the surge wave. Recently, the wave generation problem caused by a coastal tsunamigenic source, that is, a coastal mountain landslide, has been solved using experiments [37][38][39] in the case of both a straight coast and a circular island, and it was found that the location of the maximum run-up along the coast occurs in the near distance (about 2-3 times the width of the landslide) rather than very close to the landslide [10].…”