Tuberculosis

Furin, Jennifer; Cox, Helen; Pai, Madhukar

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30308-3

Cited by 704 publications

(559 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…The disease will manifest depending on the immunological conditions and comorbidities of the host (Pai et al, 2016). Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among human infectious diseases, being considered one of the main public health concerns nowadays (Azad, Sadee, & Schlesinger, 2012; Furin, Cox, & Pai, 2019). Drug‐resistant tuberculosis is a growing problem, making the epidemiological situation of this disease even more worrying.…”

Section: Ccr5 and Ccr5δ32 In Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in bacterial and parasitic infections: Thinking chemokine receptors outside the HIV box

Ellwanger

Kaminski

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Int J Immunogenetics

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The CCR5 molecule was reported in 1996 as the main HIV‐1 co‐receptor. In that same year, the CCR5Δ32 genetic variant was described as a strong protective factor against HIV‐1 infection. These findings led to extensive research regarding the CCR5, culminating in critical scientific advances, such as the development of CCR5 inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. Recently, the research landscape surrounding CCR5 has begun to change. Different research groups have realized that, since CCR5 has such important effects in the chemokine system, it could also affect other different physiological systems. Therefore, the effect of reduced CCR5 expression due to the presence of the CCR5Δ32 variant began to be further studied. Several studies have investigated the role of CCR5 and the impacts of CCR5Δ32 on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, various types of cancer, and viral diseases. However, the role of CCR5 in diseases caused by bacteria and parasites is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the role of CCR5 and the effects of CCR5Δ32 on bacterial (brucellosis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and infection by Chlamydia trachomatis) and parasitic infections (toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and schistosomiasis). Basic information about each of these infections was also addressed. The neglected role of CCR5 in fungal disease and emerging studies regarding the action of CCR5 on regulatory T cells are briefly covered in this review. Considering the “renaissance of CCR5 research,” this article is useful for updating researchers who develop studies involving CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in different infectious diseases.

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Section: Ccr5 and Ccr5δ32 In Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drug‐resistant tuberculosis is a growing problem, making the epidemiological situation of this disease even more worrying. It is estimated that each year more than 10 million new cases of tuberculosis occur worldwide (Furin et al, 2019).…”

Section: Ccr5 and Ccr5δ32 In Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in bacterial and parasitic infections: Thinking chemokine receptors outside the HIV box

Ellwanger

Kaminski

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Int J Immunogenetics

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“…The first emergence of INH resistance in MTB clinically appeared in 1952. It has become essential to measure the DR-TB burden and to guide development of evidence-based strategies to combat drug resistance in India [19][20][21][22]. Of the total 218 patients recruited in the study, when the bacteria were grown in LJ slants, 207 were finally taken up for the study.…”

Section: Demographic Profile Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Resistance Pattern in the Clinical Isolates of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Narain¹,

Verma²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2019

Act Scie Micro

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health threat, especially in a country like India, which carries the highest global burden of tuberculosis (TB). TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB); the bacteria possess multiple mechanisms that provide it both intrinsic and acquired resistance to current anti-TB drugs. In the current treatment regimen followed for TB, rifampicin and isoniazid are the major drugs given in the first line of treatment. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides are the second line drugs given in case the MTB is resistant to first line drugs. Acquired resistance is mainly due the exposure of MTB to suboptimal concentration of drugs, either due to inadequate treatment given by the medical practitioner or due to the discontinuous treatment regimen followed by patients. Treating drug susceptible TB requires a treatment regimen of almost 6 months which increases significantly from 9 months to 24 months in case of drug resistant cases. In the study conducted we determined the resistance patterns to first and second line anti-TB drugs and the frequency of MDR-TB. Contemplating the drug resistance pattern of MTB will help understanding the epidemiological parameters involved.

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“…The End TB strategy document, for example, describes the following types of services that could be considered elements of patient-centered care: health education; improved communications (including using digital technologies); adherence support (including nutritional, financial, and transportation); psychological support; decentralized services; and staff education [5]. There is limited documentation, however, of the specific needs and values of people living with TB, how these needs change during their illness and what kind of support people living with TB receive to address their needs [6]. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the diagnosis and treatment of rifampicin-resistant forms of TB (RR-TB), a type of TB that causes almost 600,000 people to become sick annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“A very humiliating illness”: a qualitative study of patient-centered Care for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa

et al. 2020

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Background: Patient-centered care is pillar 1 of the "End TB" strategy, but little has been documented in the literature about what this means for people living with rifampicin-resistant (RR-TB). Optimizing care for such individuals requires a better understanding of the challenges they face and the support they need. Methods: A qualitative study was done among persons living with RR-TB and members of their support network. A purposive sample was selected from a larger study population and open-ended interviews were conducted using a semi-standard interview guide. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and the content analyzed using an iterative thematic analysis based in grounded theory. Results: 16 participants were interviewed from three different provinces. Four distinct periods in which support was needed were identified: 1) pre-diagnosis; 2) pre-treatment; 3) treatment; and 4) post-treatment. Challenges common in all four periods included: socioeconomic issues, centralized care, and the need for better counseling at multiple levels. Conclusions: Beyond being a "very humiliating illness", RR-TB robs people of their physical, social, economic, psychological, and emotional well-being far beyond the period when treatment is being administered. Efforts to tackle these issues are as important as new drugs and diagnostics in the fight against TB.

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Tuberculosis

Cited by 704 publications

References 139 publications

CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in bacterial and parasitic infections: Thinking chemokine receptors outside the HIV box

CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in bacterial and parasitic infections: Thinking chemokine receptors outside the HIV box

Drug Resistance Pattern in the Clinical Isolates of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

“A very humiliating illness”: a qualitative study of patient-centered Care for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa

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