Tuberculosis vaccine finds an improved route

Behar, Samuel M.; Sassetti, Chris

doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03597-y

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since the successful development of smallpox vaccine, vaccine has been regarded as one of the most effective means of prevention and treatment for infectious and non-communicable diseases [1][2][3]. Moreover, Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated the development of vaccines [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant-free cellulose nanofiber vaccine induces permanent humoral immune response in mouse

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanotechnology

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Vaccines have become one of the most effective strategies to deal with various infectious diseases and chronic noninfectious diseases, such as SARS virus, Novel Coronavirus, cancer, etc. However, recent studies have found that the neutralizing antibody titers induced by vaccines would drop to half level or even lower after vaccination. In this study, we designed a novel small-sized positively charged nanofiber-1 (PEI-CNF-1) as a vaccine carrier, which can induce a high long-term humoral immune response by controlled release of antigen. Further studies showed that PEI-CNF-1 could significantly induce the release of immune response factor IL-1 and bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) maturation. Moreover, compare to other cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), PEI-CNF-1 combined antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) induced and maintained the highest and longest antibody titers after vaccination. Interestingly, the antibody titers have no significant difference between at 21 days and 90 days. Mechanically, we found that PEI-NCF-1 not only could control the slow-release of antigen, but also could be more easily swallowed by macrophages and metabolized by the bodies, thus presenting antigen more effectively. In conclusion, we believe that PEI-CNF-1 have a very high application prospect in inducing long-term humoral immune response, so as to achieve efficient prevention effect to epidemic viruses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant-free cellulose nanofiber vaccine induces permanent humoral immune response in mouse

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanotechnology

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“…Although the standard delivery of the BCG vaccine is by mouth, recent research in rhesus macaques has indicated that there may be improved protection when the vaccine is delivered intravenously (9,10).…”

Section: Bcg and Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG is a Good Immunotherapeutic Agent for Viral and Autoimmune Diseases: Is it a New Weapon against Coronavirus (COVID-19)?

Sharquie

2020

Electron J Gen Med

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Now nearly a century old, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is used routinely in humans for the prophylaxis of tuberculosis and to clear up leprosy. As the immune response to the vaccine shows some degree of cross-antigenicity, the vaccine also affects a level of resistance to a range of unrelated diseases and pathogens.Clinical studies data have shown that the BCG vaccine has effects on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.Although the vaccine does not possess any inherent antiviral activity, it engages in the host immune system such that many types of viral infections are considerably reduced. Hence, we expect that the frequency and severity of many microbial diseases, including COVID-19, will be lower in counties in which mass BCG vaccination programs are implemented. So the BCG vaccine may prove useful in the coming months especially in countries where already have mass BCG vaccination, as the COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented strain on health services across the world. Currently, countless front-line healthcare staff is in immediate danger of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Furthermore, as oral zinc sulfate as immunomodulator has proved an effective means to treat various viral diseases (including viral warts and herpes), parasitic infections, and diseases with autoimmune reactions such as Behcet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, it could be employed in combination with the BCG vaccine to enhance the immunological functions of patients with COVID-19. So BCG immunotherapy combined with oral zinc sulfate will be encouraging protective programs in societies where coronavirus is going to spread.

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“…In addition, usage of vaccine against TB can offer a wonderful protection. 15 To understand the natural history of spinal tuberculotic infections, preventive and therapeutic strategies need to be developed to adequately contain and treat this challenging disease. Newer rapid nucleic acid tests facilitate to diagnose spinal TB.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spinal Tuberculosis: Always Understand, Often Prevent, Sometime Cure

et al. 2021

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To the editor, As an old global epidemic, tuberculosis (TB) has been threatening human lives for thousands of years. Still today, about 2 billion people are infected with TB, and 1.7 million deaths occur each year worldwide. 1 In addition, many TB patients are undiagnosed or not reported. 2 Spine is the most common site of extrapulmonary TB, accounting for 50% of skeletal TB. 3 Spinal TB caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which typically spreads via hematogenous path, and then erodes the vertebral body from anterior to posterior. Spinal TB has a characteristic loss of bone density in anterior part of vertebra at first, which tends to create a kyphotic deformity historically named as Pott disease. The intervertebral disc is often the last to be affected, which differs from a typical pyogenic infection. This is often distinguished with the use of magnetic resonance imaging. Spinal TB can be confirmed by histological cultures and laboratory testing.The typical symptoms and signs of patients infected with TB include fatigue, back pain, weight loss, night sweats, and fevers. Spinal TB generally has an insidious progression with 3 major clinical features: cold abscess, neurologic deficits, and a kyphotic deformity. 4 Compression of the neurological elements from either an abscess or from the kyphotic deformity, often leads to neurologic deficits. In adults with spinal TB, the kyphotic deformity is commonly less than 30°. In children patients, kyphosis may continue to progress during the course of disease, leading to a much larger deformity. This population may require a more timely surgery. Globally, TB is a major cause of death and disability among children, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, yet children have often been neglected in TB control efforts. 5 To prevent relevant complications, spinal TB requires prompt antitubercular chemotherapy, but delays are more commonplace compared with pulmonary TB. 6 Preventive therapy for the susceptible is an effective strategy to eliminate this disease. 7 People with high-risk factors including immunodeficiency (such as human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] coinfection), malnutrition, and overcrowded living conditions, tend to be at higher risk of TB. Adolescents with spinal TB are an at-risk group for contracting and spreading TB in school. Treatment and prevention of spread, can include some social distancing, relative isolation, and the wearing of a facemask. Throughout this process, psychosocial support should not Neurospine

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Tuberculosis vaccine finds an improved route

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Adjuvant-free cellulose nanofiber vaccine induces permanent humoral immune response in mouse

Adjuvant-free cellulose nanofiber vaccine induces permanent humoral immune response in mouse

BCG is a Good Immunotherapeutic Agent for Viral and Autoimmune Diseases: Is it a New Weapon against Coronavirus (COVID-19)?

Spinal Tuberculosis: Always Understand, Often Prevent, Sometime Cure

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