Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAAs) for the Serological Diagnosis of Osteosarcoma

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of malignant bone tumor found in childhood and adolescence. Although its incidence rate is low among cancers, the prognosis of OS is usually poor. Although some biomarkers, such as p53, have been identified in OS, the association between the biomarkers and clinical outcome is not well understood. Thus, it is necessary to establish a method to identify patients diagnosed with OS at an early stage. It is becoming obvious that anti-tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) autoantibodies (TAAbs) in sera could be used as serological biomarkers in the detection of many different types of cancers. This notion indicates that TAAbs are considered as immunological “sentinels” associated with tumorigenesis underlying molecular events. It provides new insights into the molecular and cellular biology of the differential diagnosis of cancers. What’s more, it is reported that a customized TAA array could significantly increase the sensitivity/specificity. TAA arrays also have great application prospects in detecting cancer at an early stage, monitoring cancer progression, discovering new therapeutic targets, and designing personalized treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of the TAAs identified in OS as well as the possibility that TAAs and TAAbs system be used as biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis and prognosis of OS.

Hypoxia-Induced miR-378a-3p Inhibits Osteosarcoma Invasion and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via BYSL Regulation

“…Owing to new adjuvant chemotherapy and improved surgical treatment, the overall survival rate of five-years for osteosarcoma patients has improved up to 70%, while the survival rate of patients with metastasis is still only 10-30% (Ando et al, 2013;Harrison et al, 2018). Several therapeutic approaches have been developed for osteosarcoma in recent years (Li et al, 2021), but their therapeutic effects remain unsatisfactory. In-depth investigations on the molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma metastasis are meaningful for the research of novel treatment approaches.…”

Diagnostic value of tumor-associated autoantibodies panel in combination with traditional tumor markers for lung cancer

“…Many studies demonstrated that tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) were formed during the autologous cells developing into tumors ( 7 ). Although only trace amounts of TAAs are present in the blood in early-stage lung cancer, these TAAs can be captured by the immune system and lead to the formation of a large amount of specific tumor-associated autoantibodies (AABs) ( 8 ).…”

LncRNA ZFAS1 contributes to osteosarcoma progression via miR-520b and miR-520e-mediated inhibition of RHOC signaling

“… 1 , 2 Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most malignant primary bone tumor originating from primary osteoblasts, which is characterized by the production of osteoid substances. 3 Clinically, osteosarcoma is pathologically characterized by lower limb pain, lumps, anemia, and even toddle. 4 , 5 Although the overall survival rate has been significantly ameliorated due to the early diagnosis and timely treatment, osteosarcoma still remains high mortality in children and adolescents.…”