Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neutrophils in Tumor Microenvironment

Abstract

Distinct tumor microenvironment forms in each progression step of cancer and has diverse capacities to induce both adverse and beneficial consequences for tumorigenesis. It is now known that immune cells can be activated to favor tumor growth and progression, most probably influenced by the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils can exert protumoral functions, enhancing tumor cell invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, while inhibiting the antitumoral immune surveillance. Considering that neutrophils in inflammatory environments recruit macrophages and that recruited macrophages affect neutrophil functions, there may be various degrees of interaction between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils. Platelets also play an important role in the recruitment and regulation of monocytic and granulocytic cells in the tumor tissues, suggesting that platelet function may be essential for generation of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils. In this review, we will explore the biology of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils and their possible interactions in the tumor microenvironment. Special attention will be given to the recruitment and activation of these tumor-associated cells and to the roles they play in maintenance of the tumor microenvironment and progression of tumors.

Peripheral blood neutrophil count as a prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib

“…examination for patients, and neutrophil counts are commonly used to evaluate a patient's inflammatory state in clinical practice. Tumor neutrophil infiltration has also been found to be associated with the promotion of inflammation, contributing to tumor progression (29). Therefore, we hypothesized that the peripheral neutrophil count could be a biomarker indicative of the tumor inflammatory microenvironment in HCC and the efficacy of sorafenib treatment.…”

Progress in Liquid Biopsy: A possible role of neutrophils

“…In this report, the amount of platelet mRNA that was required was only 100-500 pg [7]. Although the mechanism of platelet-to-tumor changes in the peripheral blood after contact with tumor cells remains unclear, the study has the disadvantage of having a small sample size, and the presence of platelet mRNA is unstable over 48 hours, such studies have confirmed that normal cells in the peripheral blood that have been in contact with tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment facilitate early tumor diagnosis [6].…”

“…Neutrophils account for 50%-70% of total leukocytes in the peripheral blood (4.0-10.0 x 10^9/L). It is generally considered that during the development of various cancers, including oral cancer, inflammatory factors that are released by tumor cells, including reactive oxygen species and IL-8, may recruit peripheral blood neutrophils to local tumor microenvironments [7][8][9]. This may play important roles in promoting tumor proliferation and metastasis [10,11].…”

The blood peripheral content of the cells of innate and adaptive immunity in patients with brain tumors of various histogenesis

“…Проаналізований вміст лейкоцитів, лімфоцитів, нейтрофільних гранулоцитів і тромбоцитів у крові 105 хворих з пухлинами головного мозку, в тому числі 67 -нейроектодермального, 20 В опухолевом процессе активно участвуют клетки иммунной системы, которые могут как подавлять, так и стимулировать рост опухоли [1][2][3][4]. В последнее де-сятилетие исследователи обращают особое внимание на изучение роли в онкогенезе клеток врожденного иммунитета, в частности, НГ, натуральных киллеров, дендритных клеток.…”

“…При количестве Тр более 400х10 9 в 1 л отмечено уменьшение 5-летней ремиссии у больных раком пищевода и, наоборот, уменьшение количества Тр до 200х10 9 в 1 л способствовало увели-чению показателей 5-летней выживаемости больных [5][6][7]. Тр и факторы комплемента играют важную роль в опухользависимом воспалении, привлекая макрофаги и НГ в очаг опухоли [3][4][5].…”