Tumor Cell Growth Inhibition and Cell Differentiation Analysis in a Canine Mammary Tumor Cell Line (MCM-B2) Treated with Four Chemical Reagents

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In this study, we examined the effects of four chemical reagents, 5 azacytidine (5azaC), all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and trichostatin A (TSA), on an MCM-B2 canine mammary tumor cell line. Growth of the MCM-B2 cells was inhibited by addition of any of these four chemical reagents in a dose-dependent manner. TPA-treated cells became blast-celllike and had high expressions of cyclin D, cyclin B and PCNA. Both ATRA-treated and 5azaC-treated cells showed decreased expression of cell cycle related molecules and increased expressions of the mammary epithelial marker cytokeratin 18 and underwent morphological changes. ATRA-treated cells were converted from the originally spindle-shaped cells into cubic-shaped cells, and 5azaC-treated cells became fibroblast-like. In the TSA-treated cells, the cytoplasm was enlarged, increasing the cytoplasm/nucleus ratio, and the expressions of cell cycle-promoting molecules (cyclin D and PCNA), as well as cell cycle-inhibiting factors (p21 WAF1 and p27 kip1 ), were increased. These results demonstrated the growth-inhibiting, differentiation-inducing and antitumor effects of each of these four chemicals on the unique phenotype of canine mammary tumors.KEY WORDS: 5azaC, ATRA, canine mammary tumor, TPA, TSA.

Serum neopterin, sialic acid and nitric oxide levels in dogs with malignant mammary tumours

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Pyruvate kinase M2 is highly correlated with the differentiation and the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer

“…At mean time, we used PCNA to indicate the cell differentiation as reported previously and found that PKM2 was positively correlated with PCNA expression in these processes. 10,11 In view of these, we inferred that there might be a potential intrinsic link between PKM2 and the differentiation of cancer cell.…”

“…And we found for the first time that PKM2 expression was closely related to the differentiation of tumor cells in ESCC. To further explore the association between PKM2 and the differentiation of tumor cells, we treated two ESCC cell lines with three different drugs, which could induce the differentiation of cancer cells . It was clearly observed that PKM2 expression gradually decreased with the extension of treatment in general.…”

“…To further explore the association between PKM2 and the differentiation of tumor cells, we treated two ESCC cell lines with three different drugs, which could induce the differentiation of cancer cells. [9][10][11][12][13] It was clearly observed that PKM2 expression gradually decreased with the extension of treatment in general. At mean time, we used PCNA to indicate the cell differentiation as reported previously and found that PKM2 was positively correlated with PCNA expression in these processes.…”

Cancer Cells‘ Epigenetic Composition And Predisposition to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Sensitization

“…HDACis can induce maturation of a variety of human solid and hematopoietic tumor cell lines [66–68], thus restricting cell transformation. The mechanisms underlying HDACis mediated cell differentiation are still poorly understood but cell type specific gene re-expressions have been described [69,70]. Interestingly though, the unscheduled expression of a single transcription factor has been shown to be sufficient to reprogram a mature cell into a different cell type [71].…”