Tumor Microenvironment‐Triggered Supramolecular System as an In Situ Nanotheranostic Generator for Cancer Phototherapy

Abstract

The efficacy of photosensitizers in cancer phototherapy is often limited by photobleaching, low tumor selectivity, and tumor hypoxia. Assembling photosensitizers into nanostructures can improve photodynamic therapy efficacy and the safety profile of photosensitizers. Herein by employing supramolecular assembly, enhanced theranostic capability of Mn2+-assisted assembly of a photosensitizer (sinoporphyrin sodium, DVDMS) is demonstrated. A tumor environment-triggered coassembly strategy is further developed to form Mn/DVDMS nanotheranostics (nanoDVD) for cancer phototherapy. MnO2 nanosheets serve as a highly effective DVDMS carrier and in situ oxygen and nanoDVD generator. In MCF-7 cells and xenograft tumors, MnO2/DVDMS is reduced by glutathione (GSH) and H2O2 and reassembled into nanoDVD, which can be monitored by activated magnetic resonance/fluorescence/photoacoustic signals. Intriguingly, the decrease of GSH, the production of O2, and the formation of nanoDVD are shown to be synergistic with phototherapy to improve antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo, offering a new avenue for cancer theranostics.

Recent advances in the rational design of copper chalcogenide to enhance the photothermal conversion efficiency for the photothermal ablation of cancer cells

“…As we all know, cancer and malignant tumor are the leading causes of death worldwide. 1 Over the past few decades, nanotechnology for the detection, 2,3 diagnosis 4,5 and treatment of cancer 6 and other diseases, has undergone rapid development and innovation. Along with the improvement of the therapeutic progress and prospect, signicant efforts have been devoted to exploring the improved therapy method, [7][8][9] expecting to achieve better therapeutic outcomes and minimal side effects or physical pain towards the ultimate aim.…”

Gas‐Generating Nanoplatforms: Material Chemistry, Multifunctionality, and Gas Therapy

“…Mn‐based nanoparticles have been broadly explored as the contrast agents for T 1 ‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . Especially, these Mn‐based nanoplatforms have shown their performance as the nanoenzymes for catalyzing the specific reactions for cancer theranostics . Based on the high reactivity of MnO 2 nanoparticle for decomposing H 2 O 2 to generate O 2 , the typical photosensitizer chlorine e6 (Ce6) was loaded into PEGylated MnO 2 nanoparticles for O 2 ‐enhanced PDT (designated as Ce6@MnO 2 ‐PEG, Figure a) .…”

NanoTRAIL‐Oncology: A Strategic Approach in Cancer Research and Therapy

“…Inorganic nanoparticles are widely used to deliver biological molecules due to their good biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, and high stability among many nanocarriers . For example, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have bulky inner volumes that can be used to load desired chemical and biological species, and the large inner and outer surfaces can be differentially modified for functionalization .…”