Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-1β, and Interleukin-6 Plasma Levels in Neonatal Sepsis

Bont, Eveline S.J.M. de; Martens, Alexander; Raan, Jan van; Samson, G.; Fetter, W. P. F.; Okken, A; Leij, L. H. F. M. de

doi:10.1203/00006450-199304000-00013

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The results presented by de Bont were: TNF 560 pg/mL, IL-1 18 pg/mL, IL-6 79.7 ng/mL comparing to 960 pg/mL, 968 pg/mL, 184 ng/mL in our material, respectively. 14 The results of peritoneal fluid cytokines levels demonstrated in this study are considerably higher than plasma cytokines levels in patients with NEC described in literature. Sharma described data of 27 children-mean plasma concentrations of cytokines in NEC which were accordingly: for TNF: 277 pg/ mL vs. 1,147 pg/mL, for IL-1: 499 pg/mL vs. 1,622 pg/mL and for IL-6: 316 pg/mL vs. 286,900 pg/mL in presented NEC patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

The TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and HNP Peritoneal Fluid Concentrations in Premature Infants Treated with Peritoneal Drainage for Intestinal Perforation-Preliminary Study

Rzewnicka¹,

Piotrowska²,

Antoniak³

et al. 2015

Surg Res Open J

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

The TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and HNP Peritoneal Fluid Concentrations in Premature Infants Treated with Peritoneal Drainage for Intestinal Perforation-Preliminary Study

Rzewnicka¹,

Piotrowska²,

Antoniak³

et al. 2015

Surg Res Open J

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“…Neutropenia was also accompanied by a decreased bacterial brain load and BBB permeability during infection. While some studies have demonstrated that the depletion of neutrophils was detrimental to the host during bacterial infection47484950, others have observed that PMN depletion prolonged host survival after infection515253. Our findings demonstrate an association between leuckocyte trafficking and BBB permeability and increased GBS penetration of the CNS, suggesting that PMN-mediated damage of the BBB has a significant role in the pathogenesis of GBS meningitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Bacterial Pili exploit integrin machinery to promote immune activation and efficient blood-brain barrier penetration

et al. 2011

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Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of meningitis in newborn infants. Bacterial cell surface appendages, known as pili, have been recently described in streptococcal pathogens, including GBS. The pilus tip adhesin, PilA, contributes to GBS adherence to blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium; however, the host receptor and the contribution of PilA in central nervous system (CNS) disease pathogenesis are unknown. Here we show that PilA binds collagen, which promotes GBS interaction with the α2β1 integrin resulting in activation of host chemokine expression and neutrophil recruitment during infection. Mice infected with the PilA-deficient mutant exhibit delayed mortality, a decrease in neutrophil infiltration and bacterial CNS dissemination. We find that PilA-mediated virulence is dependent on neutrophil influx as neutrophil depletion results in a decrease in BBB permeability and GBS–BBB penetration. Our results suggest that the bacterial pilus, specifically the PilA adhesin, has a dual role in immune activation and bacterial entry into the CNS.

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“…Early in the course of neonatal sepsis, IL-6 was produced rapidly7 9 and peaked on day 0, but its half life was short13 and could fall back to its baseline value within 24 hours. This specific property of IL-6 rendered it useful as a very early alarm hormone, but because of its short half life, clinicians could not rely on this marker alone for the diagnosis of infection, because in most circumstances it was uncertain at which stage of infection blood was taken for IL-6 determination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis with cytokines, adhesion molecule, and C-reactive protein in preterm very low birthweight infants

Cheng

Chui

et al. 1997

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

263

289

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Aims-To evaluate the commonly used markers-namely IL-6, TNF , IL-1 , C-reactive protein and E-selectin for identification of late onset neonatal sepsis; to define the optimal cutoV value for each marker in preterm neonates; to assess whether these markers could assist in early discontinuation of antibiotics in non-infected cases; and to delineate the profile of these markers during systemic infection and in relation to successful treatment. Methods-Very low birthweight infants in whom clinical sepsis was suspected when they were >72 hours of age were eligible for study. A full sepsis screen was performed in each episode. Cytokines, C-reactive protein, and E-selectin were serially measured on days 0 (at the time of sepsis evaluation), 1, 2, 4 and 7. The optimal cutoV value for each marker was calculated after minimising the number of misclassified episodes over all possible cutoV values for days 0 and 1. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for each test and combination of tests for predicting systemic infection were also determined. Results-One hundred and one episodes of suspected clinical sepsis were investigated in 68 infants. Forty five episodes were proved to be infections. The optimal cutoV values were IL-6 31 pg/ml, TNF 17 pg/ml, IL-1 1 pg/ml, C reactive protein 12 mg/l and E-selectin 174 ng/ml. IL-6 had the highest sensitivity (89%) and negative predictive value (91%) for detecting late onset infection on day 0. However, between 24 and 48 hours of onset, C-reactive protein was the best single marker, with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 96%, respectively. The use of serial and multiple markers in the first 48 hours further enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of these tests. Performing IL-6 and C-reactive protein on day 0, together with either TNF on day 1 or C-reactive protein on day 2, showed the best overall sensitivity (98%) and specificity (91%) for the diagnosis of late onset infection. Conclusions-Optimal cutoV values for these markers in detecting late onset systemic infection in very low birthweight infants have been defined. Withholding antibiotic treatment at the onset of infection could be fatal and is not recommended, but the concomitant use of IL-6 and C-reactive protein or TNF should allow antimicrobial treatment to be discontinued at 48 hours without waiting for microbiological results, provided that the infants are in good clinical condition.

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Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-1β, and Interleukin-6 Plasma Levels in Neonatal Sepsis

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

The TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and HNP Peritoneal Fluid Concentrations in Premature Infants Treated with Peritoneal Drainage for Intestinal Perforation-Preliminary Study

The TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and HNP Peritoneal Fluid Concentrations in Premature Infants Treated with Peritoneal Drainage for Intestinal Perforation-Preliminary Study

Bacterial Pili exploit integrin machinery to promote immune activation and efficient blood-brain barrier penetration

Diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis with cytokines, adhesion molecule, and C-reactive protein in preterm very low birthweight infants

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