Tumor suppressor genes on frequently deleted chromosome 3p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is among the most common malignancies in southern China. Deletion of genomic DNA, which occurs during the complex pathogenesis process for NPC, represents a pivotal mechanism in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). In many circumstances, loss of TSGs can be detected as diagnostic and prognostic markers in cancer. The short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) is a frequently deleted chromosomal region in NPC, with 3p21.1–21.2 and 3p25.2–26.1 being the most frequently deleted minimal regions. In recent years, our research group and others have focused on the identification and characterization of novel target TSGs at 3p, such as RASSF1A, BLU, RBMS3, and CHL1, in the development and progression of NPC. In this review, we summarize recent findings of TSGs at 3p and discuss some of these genes in detail. A better understanding of TSGs at 3p will significantly improve our understanding of NPC pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Genetic and epigenetic landscape of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

“…Previous studies suggested the loss of chromosomes 1p, 3p, 9p, 9q, 11q, 13q, 14q, and 16q regions are common events in NPC (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(23)(24)(25). Functional complementation studies were performed by utilizing the microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) approach to transfer intact or truncated chromosomes to identify the critical regions (CRs) that are important for tumor suppression in NPC cells, including 3p21.3, 14q12, 14q13.2-13.3, 14q24.1, 14q32.33, 11q13, and 11q22-23 (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32).…”

“…hypermethylated CpG sites. The graph is adapted from previous methylome study by Dai (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Cyclin D1 (CCND1), located at 11q13, has the highest frequency of copy number changes in NPC, with a reported frequency ranging from 9.6% (5/52 using SNP array) to 61.9% (13/21 using aCGH) (4,18).…”

Emerging role of EGFR and lung cancer treatments

“…6 Frequent genetic polymorphisms and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes damage to chromosomes 3p, 5q, 13q, and 17p are predominantly regular in small cell lung carcinoma. [7][8][9][10]…”

Hypermethylated Dna as Biomarker for Nasopharyngeal Cancer Detection

“…According to the research of Dai et al, in their comparative methylome study, as the compared to nine other human cancer types, including liver, head and neck, colon, lung, thyroid, kidney, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer, they found that NPC had the highest hypermethylation frequency [28]. Many studies demonstrated that the inactivation of TSGs located on chromosome 3p, 9p, 9q, 11q, 13q, 14q, and 16q is the common and important events in the NPC tumorigenesis and development, as summarized in Table 1 [8,[29][30][31][32]. Representatively, the most frequently hypermethylation is reported in critical regions on chromosome 3p in NPC, as noted in Table 1.…”