Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of Bone and Joints

Schajowicz, Fritz

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-0098-4

Cited by 379 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…There are numerous books and articles dealing with pathological bone changes in recent pathology that could help in diagnosing ancient bones (e.g., Adler, 1998;Jaffe, 1972;Resnick and Niwayama, 1981;Revell, 1986;Schajowicz, 1981). However, we have to be aware that in the paleohistopathology of dry bones, the diagnostic criteria can be quite different from those used in recent pathology, where soft tissues and cells are available as important diagnostic markers.…”

Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleohistopathology of bone: A new approach to the study of ancient diseases

Schultz

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

275

251

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Light microscopy, particularly the use of polarized light, has such a high value for the differential diagnosis of dry bones that it can no longer be neglected. Alterations caused intra vitam by disease or other living conditions can clearly be differentiated by this technique from changes due to postmortem reactions (e.g., pseudopathology). As a reliable diagnosis is the basis not only of the study of case reports but also of the etiology and epidemiology of diseases in ancient populations, paleopathologists would be well-advised to employ histological analysis for their research, to avoid false diagnoses. The necessary basis for such research is the knowledge of the general histology, histogenesis, and growth as well as pathophysiology of bone. Some new techniques which facilitate the practical use of microscopic analysis, such as the preparation of thin-ground sections from undecalcified bone samples and nonrehydrated mummified soft tissues, are described. Selected examples of mechanisms of pathological bone changes, particularly the determination of vestiges of diseases in macerated bones by microscopy, are presented. Emphasis is placed on the differential diagnoses of proliferative reactions (e.g., periosteal processes of long bones and the skull). In this context, the importance of meningeal reactions on the endocranial lamina of the skull for morbidity and mortality in ancient populations is demonstrated. Furthermore, porotic hyperostosis of the skull vault and the orbital roof, i.e., the cribra cranii externa and cribra orbitalia, is discussed. Selected examples of the etiology and epidemiology of ancient diseases are presented (e.g., anemia, scurvy, rickets, and meningeal diseases), and ideas on living conditions and their implications for the origin and the spread of disease are given to establish a better understanding of deficiency and infectious diseases in the past.

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Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleohistopathology of bone: A new approach to the study of ancient diseases

Schultz

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

275

251

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“…Since Ewing'-' described this tumor, different cell types have been suggested as responsible for this neoplastic growth, i.e., e n d o t h e l i~m , ' -~~~: ' 24 Those hypothesis have been proposed depending on the methods used in the study of the tumor cells. In the era of light microscopy, Ewing was impressed by the uniformity of the cells, the perithelial architectural pattern, and the hemorrhagic foci, concluding that the tumor corresponded to some form of endothelioma.…”

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confidence: 99%

On the histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma: An ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and cytochemical study

Navas‐Palacios¹,

Aparicio-Duque²,

Valdés³

1984

Cancer

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Forty‐two cases of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) have been studied with light microscopy during the 9‐year period 1974 to 1982. Thirty‐three patients had ES of bone, and in 9 patients the tumor was located in the extraskeletal soft tissues. Cases which fulfilled all the morphologic criteria were accepted as typical ES (31 cases), and those with some architectural or cytologic peculiarities were considered atypical forms of ES (11 cases). An immunohistochemical study (PAP method) to evaluate the presence in the tumor cells of the following markers: myoglobin, F‐VIII‐related antigen, lysozyme, alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, kappa and lambda light chains), was performed with negative results in all cases (paraffin blocks were available in 38 cases). The cytochemical study on fresh tissue imprints from five patients (PAS, Sudan Black, alpha‐naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, myeloperoxidases, naphthol‐AS‐D chloroacetate esterase and alkaline phosphatase) gave no pattern of histogenetic significance, PAS being the best morphologic marker in tissue sections and touch preparations. A detailed ultrastructural study was performed on 34 cases; the main findings may be summarized as follows: medium sized cells, polygonal shape, oval nuclei, smooth nuclear envelope, abundant euchromatin, well‐developed nucleolonema, scant membranous organelles, abundant hyaloplasmic glycogen, occasional lipid vacuoles, straight cell membranes, and primitive intercellular junctions. No differences were found between bone and extraskeletal ES; moreover, typical and atypical forms showed moderate quantitative differences with no qualitative change. The histogenesis is discussed; no functional or morphologic markers have been found to suggest the cell of origin; however, some cell lines may be excluded. It is the impression of the authors that they are dealing with a primitive noncommitted mesenchymal cell.

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“…Recurrence or a sudden acceleration in the growth of an osteochondroma may herald malignant transformation, usually chondrosarcoma. This occurs in about 1-2% of solitary osteochondromas, but in MHO cases the reported risk is higher, at 5-25% [7,16]. The radioresistance of this tumor leaves no place for radiotherapy [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cervical laminar exostosis in multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis: Anterior stabilization and fusion technique for preventing instability

et al. 1997

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Multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis is a genetically transmitted disorder consisting of multiple projections of bone capped by cartilage, which are called exostoses. Spinal cord compression due to expansion of a laminar osteochondroma is rare but well recognized. Surgical decompression usually improves the patient's neurological status but, in cervical exostosis, postlaminectomy kyphosis and instability problems, especially in the high-risk adolescent group, form the most significant potential difficulties in the postoperative period. We report a case of cervical laminar exostosis that was treated by anterior stabilization and fusion and discuss the benefits of this technique.

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Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of Bone and Joints

Cited by 379 publications

References 0 publications

Paleohistopathology of bone: A new approach to the study of ancient diseases

Paleohistopathology of bone: A new approach to the study of ancient diseases

On the histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma: An ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and cytochemical study

Cervical laminar exostosis in multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis: Anterior stabilization and fusion technique for preventing instability

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