“…They are widely studied to realize thermal emitters and are perfect absorbers for energy harvesting, medical imaging, and high-sensitivity sensing applications [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. By tailoring the geometrical dimensions, metamaterials can be designed to span broad operating wavelengths, including visible [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], IR [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], terahertz [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], and microwave light [ 45 , 46 ]. To provide metamaterials with more flexibility, there are many techniques proposed for tuning mechanisms using MEMS technology [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]: liquid crystal [ 55 ], photo-excited [ 56 ], phase-change materials [ 57 , 58 ], thermal annealing [ …”