Tuning Biological Nutrient Removal Plants

doi:10.2166/9781780404837

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The use of ISO methods such as ISO Method 8192:2007(E) which is used for the determination of inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium oxidation (International Standards Organization 2007) is also common. The use of online respirometry to monitor plant performance has also been reported (Arias-Navarro et al 2019;Hartley 2013;Montgomery 1987).…”

Section: Respirometrymentioning

confidence: 93%

Operational impacts of heavy metals on activated sludge systems: the need for improved monitoring

Maal‐Bared¹

2020

Environ Monit Assess

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Biological nutrient removal is highly reliant on maintaining a heterogeneous, balanced, and metabolically active microbial community that can adapt to the fluctuating composition of influent wastewater and encompassing environmental conditions. Maintaining this balance can be challenging in municipal wastewater systems that sporadically receive wastewater from industrial facilities due to the impact of heavy metals and other contaminants on the microbial ecology of the activated sludge. A thorough understanding of the impacts of heavy metals on activated sludge and of practical monitoring options is needed to support decisionmaking at the wastewater utility level. This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, the review explains what happens when heavy metals interact with activated sludge systems by highlighting biosorption and bioaccumulation processes, and when an activated sludge system switches from bioaccumulation to toxic shock. Here, it also summarizes the impacts of heavy metal exposure on plant performance. In the second part, the review summarizes practical approaches that can be used at the plant outside the realm of traditional toxicological bioassays testing to determine the possible impacts of influent heavy metal concentrations on the BNR process. These approaches include the following: monitoring operational parameters for major shifts; respirometry; microscopy; ATP; chemical analyses of heavy metals with a focus on synergistic impacts and inhibitory limits; and other novel approaches, such as EPS chemical analyses, molecular techniques, and quorum sensing.

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Section: Respirometrymentioning

confidence: 93%

Operational impacts of heavy metals on activated sludge systems: the need for improved monitoring

Maal‐Bared¹

2020

Environ Monit Assess

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“…For simplification reasons, several general assumptions have been made for different unit operations and we want to highlight the most important ones: influent COD fractionation values for biodegradable (easily, slowly, inert) and soluble and particulate COD fractions vary considerably in literature and are site specific. [38][39][40] They have not been measured for the influent and therefore COD conversions are modelled using the total COD value. The energy content of COD is assumed to be 17.8 kJ g −1 .…”

Section: Current Process and General Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) inflows into the AGS reactor likely consists to ca. 70% of ammonia while the rest is organic N. 40 The latter will almost entirely be converted into ammonia during the treatment process. 47 Consequently the TKN load to the NEREDA reactor consists almost entirely of ammonia which is removed with a rate of over 90%.…”

Section: Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring resource recovery potentials for the aerobic granular sludge process by mass and energy balances – energy, biopolymer and phosphorous recovery from municipal wastewater

Kehrein

Loosdrecht

Osseweijer

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…The former consists of the division of the reactor volume into several continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) connected in series, while the latter consists of a plug-flow reactor (PFR) with a diffusive component in the axial direction. These models can be applied to simple flow-through reactors, while more complex flow patterns, such as the AnoxAn reactor containing two hydraulically separated zones, require special consideration and comprehensive characterization [20]. A model based on the combination of ideal CSTR and PFR with axial dispersion, consistently representing the actual reactor, was proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of hydraulic separation in a novel anaerobic–anoxic upflow reactor for biological nutrient removal

Díez-Montero

Florio

González-Viar

et al. 2014

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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This contribution deals with a novel anaerobic-anoxic reactor for biological nutrient removal (BNR) from wastewater, termed AnoxAn. In the AnoxAn reactor, the anaerobic and anoxic zones for phosphate removal and denitrification are integrated in a single continuous upflow sludge blanket reactor, aiming at high compactness and efficiency. Its application is envisaged in those cases where retrofitting of existing wastewater treatment plants for BNR, or the construction of new ones, is limited by the available surface area. The environmental conditions are vertically divided up inside the reactor with the anaerobic zone at the bottom and the anoxic zone above. The capability of the AnoxAn configuration to establish two hydraulically separated zones inside the single reactor was assessed by means of hydraulic characterization experiments and model simulations. Residence time distribution (RTD) experiments in clean water were performed in a bench-scale (48.4 L) AnoxAn prototype. The required hydraulic separation between the anaerobic and anoxic zones, as well as adequate mixing in the individual zones, were obtained through selected mixing devices. The observed behaviour was described by a hydraulic model consisting of continuous stirred tank reactors and plug-flow reactors. The impact of the denitrification process in the anoxic zone on the hydraulic separation was subsequently evaluated through model simulations. The desired hydraulic behaviour proved feasible, involving little mixing between the anaerobic and anoxic zones (mixing flowrate 40.2 % of influent flowrate) and negligible nitrate concentration in the anaerobic zone (less than 0.1 mgN L(-1)) when denitrification was considered.

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Tuning Biological Nutrient Removal Plants

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Operational impacts of heavy metals on activated sludge systems: the need for improved monitoring

Operational impacts of heavy metals on activated sludge systems: the need for improved monitoring

Exploring resource recovery potentials for the aerobic granular sludge process by mass and energy balances – energy, biopolymer and phosphorous recovery from municipal wastewater

Feasibility of hydraulic separation in a novel anaerobic–anoxic upflow reactor for biological nutrient removal

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