Tuning of the elastic modulus of a soft polythiophene through molecular doping

Zokaei, Sepideh; Kim, Dong-Hyun; Järsvall, Emmy; Fenton, Abigail Mae; Weisen, Albree Rae; Hultmark, Sandra; Nguyen, Phong H.; Matheson, Amanda M.; Lund, Anja; Kroon, Renee; Chabinyc, Michael L.; Gomez, Enrique D.; Zozoulenko, Igor; Müller, Christian

doi:10.1039/d1mh01079d

Cited by 21 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The conductivity versus charge density data for a wide range of materials are assembled in Figure 1, including polythiophenes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18]44,45] (all data are unaligned polymers). The dashed lines are power laws of varying slopes that were added to guide the eye.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collection of experimental data of conductivity σ versus charge density n for p‐doped conjugated polymers measured as part of this work (red) or extracted from refs. [6–12,15–18,44,45] (all data are unaligned polymers). The dashed lines are power laws of varying slopes that were added to guide the eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1. Collection of experimental data of conductivity σ versus charge density n for p-doped conjugated polymers measured as part of this work (red) or extracted from refs [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18]44,45]. (all data are unaligned polymers).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Delocalization Enhances Conductivity at High Doping Concentrations

Derewjanko

Scheunemann

Järsvall

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Many applications of organic semiconductors require high electrical conductivities and hence high doping levels. Therefore, it is indispensable for effective material design to have an accurate understanding of the underlying transport mechanisms in this regime. In this study, own and literature experimental data that reveal a power‐law relation between the conductivity and charge density of strongly p‐doped conjugated polymers are combined. This behavior cannot consistently be described with conventional models for charge transport in energetically disordered materials. Here, it is shown that the observations can be explained in terms of a variable range hopping model with an energy‐dependent localization length. A tight‐binding model is used to quantitatively estimate of the energy‐dependent localization length, which is used in an analytical variable range hopping model. In the limit of low charge densities, the model reproduces the well‐known Mott variable range hopping behavior, while for high charge densities, the experimentally observed superlinear increase in conductivity with charge density is reproduced. The latter behavior occurs when the Fermi level reaches partially delocalized states. This insight can be anticipated to lead to new strategies to increase the conductivity of organic semiconductors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delocalization Enhances Conductivity at High Doping Concentrations

Derewjanko

Scheunemann

Järsvall

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…11 Doping with F 4 TCNQ raised the conductivity of p(g 4 2T-T) to 52 S cm À1 and at the same time both strongly shifted the glass transition temperature T g from À46 to 3 1C and induced significant crystallization of the initially poorly ordered polymer. 11 As a result, the Young's modulus strongly increased from E = 8 to 232 MPa. Doping with 2,5-difluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F 2 TCNQ) resulted in an even higher tensile elastic modulus of up to 377 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[6][7][8][9] Instead, doping of softer polymers with E o 100 MPa has been found to increase the modulus due to an increase in crystalline order. 10,11 Conjugated polymers with oligoether side chains currently receive considerable interest for energy harvesting [12][13][14] and storage 15,16 as well as bioelectronics. 17,18 In case of both p-and n-type polymers it has been argued that the selection of suitable oligoether side chains can improve the compatibility with molecular dopants because of favorable dopant/side-chain interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of oxidation-induced ordering on the electrical and mechanical properties of a polythiophene co-processed with bistriflimidic acid

et al. 2023

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Double Doping of Semiconducting Polymers Using Ion‐Exchange with a Dianion

Yuan

Plunkett

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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The interactions between counterions and electronic carriers in electrically doped semiconducting polymers are important for delocalization of charge carriers, electronic conductivity, and thermal stability. The introduction of a dianions in semiconducting polymers leads to double doping where there is one counterion for two charge carriers. Double doping minimizes structural distortions, but changes the electrostatic interactions between the carriers and counterions. Polymeric ionic liquids (PIL) with croconate dianions are helpful to investigate the role of the counterion in p-type semiconducting polymers. PILs prevent diffusion of the cation into the semiconducting polymers during ion exchange. The redox-active croconate dianions undergo ion exchange with doped semiconducting polymers depending on their ionization energy. Croconate dianions are found to reduce doped films of poly(3-hexyl thiophene), but undergo ion exchange with a polythiophene with tetraethylene glycol side chains, P(g 4 2T-T), that has a lower ionization energy. The croconate dianion maintains crystalline order in P(g 4 2T-T) and leads to a lower activation energy for the electrical conductivity than PF 6 − counterions.The control of the doping level with croconate allows optimization of the thermoelectric performance of the semiconducting polymer. The thermal stability of the doped films of P(g 4 2T-T) is found to depend strongly on the nature of the counterion.

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Tuning of the elastic modulus of a soft polythiophene through molecular doping

Abstract: Molecular doping of a polythiophene with oligoethylene glycol side chains is found to strongly modulate not only the electrical but also the mechanical properties of the polymer.

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Delocalization Enhances Conductivity at High Doping Concentrations

Delocalization Enhances Conductivity at High Doping Concentrations

Impact of oxidation-induced ordering on the electrical and mechanical properties of a polythiophene co-processed with bistriflimidic acid

Double Doping of Semiconducting Polymers Using Ion‐Exchange with a Dianion

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