Tuning the Ablation, Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Phenolic Resin Reinforced EPDM Ultra-High Temperature Insulation

Iqbal, Sadia Sagar; Ahmad, Tasawer Shahzad; Bashir, Arshad; Bahadar, Ali; Siddique, Farzana

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.875.88

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In Stage 3, the phenolic resin undergoes dehydrogenation and carbonization reactions, decomposing to produce small molecules such as CO 2 and CO, forming glassy carbides and cross‐linking with the silicon bonds generated by the combustion of nano‐SiO 2 , promoting the formation of the carbon layer. The state no longer changes as the temperature increases to 580°C 29,30 . Through this thermal stability test, it can be concluded that the PF/DOPO/Nano‐SiO 2 coating effectively improves the thermal stability and residual carbon rate of RPUF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The coating based on phenolic resin gives rigid polyurethane foam excellent flame retardant properties

Zhang,

Zheng,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A flame retardant coating was designed and synthesized using phenolic resin (PF), 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphazephenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), and nano‐SiO2 as raw materials. The coating is applied to the surface of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) to give it a flame retardant effect. Based on the excellent adhesion of PF, the coating effectively suppresses heat transfer, and the synergistic effect of DOPO and nano‐SiO2 improves the flame retardancy of RPUF. In addition, vertical combustion experiments have shown that when the ratio of DOPO to nano‐SiO2 is 2:1, there is no dripping, the flame is self‐extinguishing, and the internal structure remains basically unchanged, resulting in the best flame retardant effect. The cone calorimetric test shows that the coating can effectively reduce the total heat release and heat release rate of the substrate, and the smoke release rate and total smoke release data show that its smoke suppression effect is significantly improved. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the coating can effectively improve the residual carbon rate of RPUF, and its mechanical properties are good. This study confirms that coatings based on PF/DOPO/Nano‐SiO2 can effectively improve the flame retardancy of RPUF, providing a potential direction for the development of green insulation materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The coating based on phenolic resin gives rigid polyurethane foam excellent flame retardant properties

Zhang,

Zheng,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[3] Among various PAMs, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is one of the best matrices owing to its high DOI: 10.1002/mame.202100665 char retention, low density, and excellent aging resistance, which are beneficial for the improvement of the payload and lifespan storage of SRM. [4][5][6][7][8][9] EPDM-based ablation materials are a type of carbonized composite that can generate a char layer during ablation, [10] endowing the virgin EPDM composites with a dense and integral shield. As the char layer directly resists the chemical erosion and mechanical denudation of the products of combustion gases, the thermal stability and strength of the char layer are key factors affecting the ablative performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight and Mechanically Robust EPDM Foams for High Thermal Insulation and Moderate Ablative Resistance Via Constructing Cellular Char Layer

Hui

Bian

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) foams have received considerable attention owing to their low weight, low thermal conductivity, and mechanical flexibility. However, their poor ablative resistance and low thermal stability make their use in severe conditions, such as the combustion chamber of a solid rocket motor, difficult. In this study, EPDM foams reinforced with aramid fibers (AFs) and carbon fibers (CFs) are prepared through a hot-pressing-induced foaming process. The effects of the fibers on the cellular structure, thermal stability, and mechanical, ablating, and insulating properties of the EPDM foams are investigated. The results show that the addition of CFs enhanced the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the EPDM foams, whereas the use of AFs lowered the thermal conductivity and ablation rate. In particular, when 2.5 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber) AF and 2.5 phr CF are added, the linear ablation rate tested using oxyacetylene is 0.33 mm s −1 , and the back-face temperature is 53 °C, revealing a good balance in terms of ablative resistance and thermal insulation. Thus, the hybrid-fiber-reinforced EPDM foams possess several advantages, such as low weight, good thermal insulation, ablative resistance, and mechanical robustness, suggesting considerable potential for application in the aerospace industry.

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Enhancing Thermal Insulation of EPDM Ablators via Constructing Alternating Planar Architectures

Qu¹,

Wang²,

Hui³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) composites were usually enhanced with ablative additives to protect solid rocket motor (SRMs) casings. However, the poor thermal insulation caused by the high thermal conductive ablative fillers can lead to rocket motor failure. Herein, the novel EPDM composites containing alternating layers of ablative EPDM (AM) and heat-insulated EPDM (HM) were prepared through layer-multiplying extrusion. Compared with conventional EPDM ablative material, the multilayer composites showed enhanced thermal insulation and mechanical properties that could be further improved by tuning the number of layers. The ablation and thermal insulation properties possessing in AM and HM layers could be combined by forced assembly during co-extrusion, and the alternating multilayer composite was capable of showing the effect of each component. In particular, compared with AM, the maximum back-face temperature with 40 alternating layers of AM/HM decreased from 96.2 °C to 75.6 °C during oxyacetylene test, while the good ablation properties were preserved in the AM component. This significant improvement was attributed to the planar orientation and densification of ablative additives, and the interruption of conductive pathways in the through-plane direction of AM/HM alternating laminate. The anisotropic EPDM composites featuring mechanical robustness, good ablative resistance and thermal insulation suggest considerable potential application in the aerospace industry.

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Tuning the Ablation, Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Phenolic Resin Reinforced EPDM Ultra-High Temperature Insulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

The coating based on phenolic resin gives rigid polyurethane foam excellent flame retardant properties

The coating based on phenolic resin gives rigid polyurethane foam excellent flame retardant properties

Lightweight and Mechanically Robust EPDM Foams for High Thermal Insulation and Moderate Ablative Resistance Via Constructing Cellular Char Layer

Enhancing Thermal Insulation of EPDM Ablators via Constructing Alternating Planar Architectures

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