Tuning the Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of 0.91Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.09PbTiO₃ Single Crystals and Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics by Doping Hydrogen

Abstract

Systematically experimental investigations were conducted on H-doped 0.91Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -0.09PbTiO 3 (PZNT) single crystals and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. The experimental results show that doping hydrogen with appropriate content advances the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties effectively. For example, when trapped hydrogen concentration was C t ) 1.7 wppm in the H-doped PZNT single crystals, the remanent polarization P r and piezoelectric constant d 33 increased by 80% and 41.7% in comparison with the H-free samples, respectively, to 28.8 µC/cm 2 and 391 pC/N. However, high hydrogen concentration damages the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. The remanent polarization P r and piezoelectric constant d 33 of the H-doped PZNT single crystals decreased to 0 µC/cm 2 and 24 pC/N, respectively, when C t ) 3.1 wppm. The H-doped PZT ceramics exhibited the same behavior, where the values of P r and d 33 increased respectively by 45.3% and 27.3% to 48.1 µC/cm 2 and 420 pC/N, when C t ) 1.1 wppm, and decreased to 0 µC/cm 2 and 84 pC/N, respectively, as C t increased to 2.1 wppm. Hydrogen also increases the dielectric constant and dielectric loss for both ferroelectric materials. The experimental results indicate that doping hydrogen into ferroelectric materials is a feasible technique to tune the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties effectively, furthermore as a subsequent treated technology for the ferroelectric product.

Hydrogen in Ferroelectrics

“…However, when the hydrogen concentration is more than the critical value of C*, hysteresis loop narrows and P r falls with the increase in hydrogen concentration, as shown in Figure 2 (Wu et al, 2010). The effects of hydrogen concentration on P r and d 33 are shown in Figure 3 (Wu et al, 2010).…”

“…With the annealing temperature increasing, the hysteresis loops also gradually narrowed and became a straight line at 400 °C (Aggarwal et al, 1998). (Wu et al, 2010) www.intechopen.com…”

“…If C t >C * , P r and d 33 decrease sharply with the raise of C t . (Wu et al, 2010) www.intechopen.com…”

Numerical modelling of piezoelectric actuators exposed to hydrogen

“…Substantial R&D efforts have been taking place for over two decades to develop automobiles, heavy vehicles and stationary power systems based on hydrogen technology including fuel cells. There is strong [6] interest in the industry to extend the piezoelectric actuator technology for hydrogen fuel injectors. However, little is known about the performance of piezoelectric actuators in a hydrogen environment.…”

Hydrogen interstitial defects in acceptor-type CuO-doped PbTiO3—Uptake and dissolution of water vapor and formation of (CuTi″−(OH)O•)′ defect complexes

“…[4][5][6] Second, in devices fabricated from "bulk" piezoelectrics that are processed under ambient atmosphere, humidity can increase the leakage current, inducing an insulator-semiconductor transition. [7][8][9][10][11] To investigate the interplay between hydrogen-related defects and defects resulting from aliovalent acceptor doping, CuO-doped PbTiO 3 has been investigated. As a sensitive spectroscopic tool, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has already been providing detailed information, 12,13 in particular, on the defect structure at the first coordination sphere.…”