“…Among the reported catalytic systems for FF/HMF hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis, monometallic catalysts (e.g., Pt, Pd, Ni, Cu) were widely employed and investigated ( Sitthisa and Resasco, 2011 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Guo et al, 2016 ; Lima et al, 2017 ; Fan et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). For example, Fan et al (2020) reported that FF hydrogenation over 10 wt% Pt/C catalyst could yield 14% FFA with 71.2% selectivity at 413 K. Sitthisa and Resasco (2011) reported that 69% conversion of FF and 68% selectivity to FFA could be achieved on 10 wt% Cu/SiO 2 at 503 K . However, monometallic catalyst with relatively high metal loading always accompanied with low metal dispersion, consequently resulting in the slow reaction rate, high reaction temperature and poor selectivity to FFA/DHMF.…”