Tuning the Thermoelectric Properties of Conducting Polymers in an Electrochemical Transistor

Bubnova, Olga; Berggren, Magnus; Crispin, Xavier

doi:10.1021/ja305188r

Cited by 281 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The figure of merit, ZT = σ S 2 T κ , describes the efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation; here σ is the electrical conductivity, S is the Seebeck coefficient, κ is the thermal conductivity, and T is the temperature. The conducting organic polymers have recently emerged as promising materials for thermoelectric applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. These materials are cheap, of high natural abundance, and environmentally friendly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in determining the carrier mobility remains to be clarified [4,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Pristine polymeric films show the increase of the conductivity as a function of temperature following the activated [2,3] or stretched exponential dependence [15,16,19]. This behavior is attributed to the phonon-assisted hopping transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An efficient control and optimization of the thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers can be achieved using an electrochemical transistor [3,4,20]. An active part of this device consists of a conducting polymer channel separated from a gate by an electrolyte with mobile anions and cations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding hopping transport and thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers

2015

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We calculate the conductivity σ and the Seebeck coefficient S for the phonon-assisted hopping transport in conducting polymers poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT, experimentally studied by Bubnova et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 16456 (2012)]. We use the Monte Carlo technique as well as the semianalytical approach based on the transport energy concept. We demonstrate that both approaches show a good qualitative agreement for the concentration dependence of σ and S. At the same time, we find that the semianalytical approach is not in a position to describe the temperature dependence of the conductivity. We find that both Gaussian and exponential density of states (DOS) reproduce rather well the experimental data for the concentration dependence of σ and S giving similar fitting parameters of the theory. The obtained parameters correspond to a hopping model of localized quasiparticles extending over 2-3 monomer units with typical jumps over a distance of 3-4 units. The energetic disorder (broadening of the DOS) is estimated to be 0.1 eV. Using the Monte Carlo calculation we reproduce the activation behavior of the conductivity with the calculated activation energy close to the experimentally observed one. We find that for a low carrier concentration a number of free carriers contributing to the transport deviates strongly from the measured oxidation level. Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed. We also study the effect of the dimensionality on the charge transport by calculating the Seebeck coefficient and the conductivity for the cases of three-, two-, and one-dimensional motion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding hopping transport and thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers

2015

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“…The use of organic materials for thermoelectric applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] has rapidly gained popularity in the past few years. Compared to e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correcting for contact geometry in Seebeck coefficient measurements of thin film devices

Reenen

Kemerink

2014

Organic Electronics

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Driven by promising recent results, there has been a revived interest in the thermoelectric properties of organic (semi) conductors. Concomitantly, there is a need to probe the Seebeck coefficient S of modestly conducting materials in thin film geometry. Here we show that geometries that seem desirable from a signal-to-noise perspective may induce systematic errors in the measured value of S, S-m, by a factor 3 or more. The enhancement of S-m by the device geometry is related to competing conduction paths outside the region between the electrodes. We derive a universal scaling curve that allows correcting for this and show that structuring the semiconductor is not needed for the optimal electrode configuration, being a set of narrow, parallel strips.

Funding Agencies|Dutch program NanoNextNL

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“…This material is commercially available and has attracted considerable recent attention within the realm of thermoelectric applications. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] There are two principal justifications for the choice of PEDOT/PSS in support of this study: (1) the in-plane electrical conductivity of free-standing PEDOT/PSS film remains essentially constant even in cases where the thickness varies from several micrometers to ∼100 µm (thus, suggesting that the morphology of the film is relatively stable); 22 and (2) the in-plane thermal conductivity can be independently confirmed by using flash analysis methods 14 or time-domain thermoreflectance methods, 12 with both methods ultimately generating comparable values.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of in-plane thermal conductivity in polymer films

et al. 2016

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Measuring the in-plane thermal conductivity of organic thermoelectric materials is challenging but is critically important. Here, a method to study the in-plane thermal conductivity of free-standing films (via the use of commercial equipment) based on temperature wave analysis is explored in depth. This subject method required a free-standing thin film with a thickness larger than 10 μm and an area larger than 1 cm2, which are not difficult to obtain for most solution-processable organic thermoelectric materials. We evaluated thermal conductivities and anisotropic ratios for various types of samples including insulating polymers, undoped semiconducting polymers, doped conducting polymers, and one-dimensional carbon fiber bulky papers. This approach facilitated a rapid screening of in-plane thermal conductivities for various organic thermoelectric materials.

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Tuning the Thermoelectric Properties of Conducting Polymers in an Electrochemical Transistor

Cited by 281 publications

References 34 publications

Understanding hopping transport and thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers

Understanding hopping transport and thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers

Correcting for contact geometry in Seebeck coefficient measurements of thin film devices

Measurement of in-plane thermal conductivity in polymer films

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